EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi
Ekotonia: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi, accept articles in Indonesia and English by covering several topics of biological studies such as botany, zoology, and microbiology. This journal encompasses original research articles, review articles, and short communications, including: plant growth; reproduction; metabolism; plant development; plant evolution; comparative anatomy; animal psychology; molecular biology; ethology; behavioral ecology; evolutionary biology; taxonomy; paleontology; bacteria; fungi; microscopic algae; protozoa; archaea and etc. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines. This journal is published twice a year, in June & December. a
Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicina Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Indigenous Community of Mbaham in Karas District Fakfak Regency West Papua
Medicinal plants are the main element in the local medicine system in Karas District, Fakfak Regency. This is closely related to the culture and traditional knowledge of the community. This study aims to identify the species of medicinal plants used by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP) An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information from Traditional Medicine Practitioners from January to February 2023. The research method used by interviewing six informants who had information about the use of medicinal plants. The results showed that there were 57 species of medicinal plants from 35 families that had been used to treat 39 types of diseases. The most used plan part by TMP is leaf (19%) Boiling is the most commonly used processing method. Medicinal plants with the highest use value used by TMP are Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus littoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale with a UV value = 1.00. The category of circulatory system is the most treated disease category with an ICF value of 0.8. Medicinal plants with the highest percentage accuracy value are Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Momordica charantia, Terminalia catappa, Jatropha curcas, Spatholobus littoralis, Piper betle, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia, Curcuma longa, dan Zingiber officinale with FL = 100%. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Karas District, Fakfak, Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP), Medicinal Plant.
Ethnobotany, Karas District, Fakfak, Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMP), Medicinal Plant.
Copyright (c) 2024 Santi Ubay, Fitmawati Fitmawati
Study of the behavior of Long Tailed Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the Jumprit Indigenous Forest
Research on the behavior of long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was conducted in the Jumprit Customary Forest located on the slopes of Mount Sumbing, Jumprit Village, Ngadirejo District, Temanggung Regency. This study aims to determine the daily behavior of long-tailed monkeys in the Jumprit Customary Forest. This research is included in the type of exploratory descriptive research with direct observation into the field. The method used in the preliminary research was in the form of the Ad Libitum Sampling method, while in the main study the Scan Sampling method was used by observing behavior in a small population of long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Data collection was carried out for 7 days at time intervals between 08.00 to 16.00. The observed data is then processed descriptively, qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the observations obtained behavioral activity of long-tailed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) which were observed consisting of 8 types of behavior, namely foraging behavior, moving, playing, social interaction, inactivity, vocalizing, mating and mother and child interaction. Both places of observation have different intensities of behavioral activity. Place 1 (forest border with highway) shows the intensity of long-tailed monkey behavior that is lower than the behavioral intensity of long-tailed monkeys in place 2 (Umbul Jumprit).
Macaca fascicularis, Jumprit Customary Forest, Daily behavior
Copyright (c) 2024 Robithoh Ranitia Fitriani, Erna Wijayanti
Tanaman jambu biji Dersono (Syzygium malaccense) dapat digunakan sebagai obat alami yang berperan dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dan melindungi tubuh dari infeksi mikroba. Selain itu, jamu Dersono diyakini oleh masyarakat Gembong sebagai tanaman bersejarah di masa lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pohon jambu biji Dersono di punden Nyai Cipluk sebagai tempat tradisi sedekah bumi di desa Gembong agar dapat mengenal budaya yang ada pada zaman dahulu. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk memahami sejarah tanaman jambu biji dan mengidentifikasi makna tradisi sedekah bumi yang dilakukan di punden Nyai Cipluk. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Pak Modin dan seseorang yang tahu tentang sejarah punden Nyai Cipluk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui beberapa tahap, antara lain observasi langsung dengan Nyai Cipluk, wawancara dengan Bapak Modin, dan terakhir dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, diharapkan dapat membantu mengenalkan sejarah jambu dersono dan Nyai Cipluk punden di desa Gembong serta dapat memahami makna sedekah bumi.
Guava Dersono (Syzygium malaccense), Punden Nyai Cipluk, Alms Earth
Copyright (c) 2024 Sania Ainur Rizkia, Unik Uvita Sari, Shofwatun Nada
Binturong Behavior (Arctictis binturong) at the Alobi Animal Rescue Center (PPS), Bangka Belitung Province
Binturong (Arctictis binturong) is an animal in the Viverridae family and one of the endangered species. The research was conducted at the Alobi Animal Rescue Center (PPS) from April 27-30 2023. The Alobi Wildlife Rescue Center (PPS) is a special conservation organization located in Bangka Belitung Province. The aim of this study was to analyze and identify the behavior of the Binturong animal (Arctictis binturong) in the Alobi PPS area. The research used direct observation methods, behavior sampling, interviews and data analysis. The animal objects observed were three binturongs, namely male binturongs (Wembi and Bembi) and female binturongs (Maya). The results obtained during the study were the highest locomotion activity in Maya with a frequency of 233, and the lowest locomotion activity in Bembi with a frequency of 74.5. Then, the highest grooming was in Maya with a frequency of 34 and the lowest in Bembi 26 followed by the highest eating and drinking activities in Maya with a frequency of 18 and the lowest in Bembi 2. The highest social activity was in Bembi 13.5 and the lowest in Wembi was 0. The activity of breaking off the highest frequency i.e. 77 in Maya and the lowest in Bembi 9. The highest sequential frequency value is 0,5 urination in Maya, and the highest defecation is 1 in Bembi. The highest frequency for timber violations was Wembi, which was 41, and the lowest was Bembi, 4.5. the highest frequency vocalization behavior is on Maya 4.5 and the lowest is on Bembi 0.
Arctictis binturong, daily behavior of binturongs, conservation organizations, Alobi Animal Rescue Center (PPS).
Macaranga Diversity and Genetic Relationship in Bangka Island
Macaranga Thou. (Euphorbiaceae) is the largest genus which is known as a pioneer on disturbed land due to mining, agriculture, and settlements. The study aims to record diversity and analyze Macaranga relationships on Bangka Island and compare them with those in the Sundaland region. It was carried out in July – Desember 2018 in four habitat types: hills, lowland forest, peat swamp forest, and open land, with each in five different villages. Specimens were identified with the collections of Herbarium Bangka Belitungense and Herbarium Bogoriense. Leaf samples for molecular tests used the teabag method, DNA analysis with a combination of primers ITS4 and ITS5, and analysis using Maximum Likelihood. The five species documented are M. bancana, M. gigantea, M. javanica, M. pruinosa, and M. trichocarpa. All species grow mostly in lowland forests and hill forests, M. pruinosa is only found in peat swamp forests. M. bancana and M. pruinosa are closely related to Macaranga in the Malay Peninsula, M. trichocarpa is close to the species in Borneo, while M. javanica is not known to be related to either the Malay Peninsula or Borneo because there are no comparable sequences. M. gigantea does not show strong genetic differences from the Malay Peninsula or Borneo.
phylogenetic, Macaranga, Bangka Island, Sundaland
Meta-analisis Kolerasi antara Jumlah Trombosit dengan Karakteristik Pasien dalam Patogenesis Malaria
Malaria merupakan penyakit akibat gigitan nyamuk jenis Anopheles betina yang mengandung Plasmodium. Plasmodium merupakan makhluk hidup bersel satu dan termasuk dalam kelompok protozoa yang apabila masuk dalam tubuh nantinya akan hidup dan berkembang biak dalam sel darah manusia. Malaria hampir mempengaruhi semua komponen darah, yaitu salah satunya trombosit yang dapat menyebabkan trombositopenia. Plasmodium sp. diketahui juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap trombosit. Tujuan penelitian ini Kolerasi antara Jumlah Trombosit dengan Karakteristik Pasien dalam Patogenesis Malaria Metode : Ulasan literatur yang melakukan pemeriksaan trombosit pada penderita malaria akibat infeksi Plasmodium sp. Penelusuran literatur dengan menggunakan database pada Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Science Direct. Dengan menggunakan 21 sumber literature, dan 4 dari 21 itu dijadikan sebagai sumber data. Hasil: Penelusuran dari pencarian referensi atau literatur didapatkan bahwa yang paling menderita malaria berada pada rentang usia 12 25 tahun dan 26 45 tahun dan pada jenis kelamin lebih banyak laki-laki yang menderita malaria dibandingkan dengan perempuan dan diketahui bahwa terdapat korelasi antara jumlah trombosit dengan penderita malaria.
The Effect of Mol of Rice Water Waste and Kepok Banana Peel to The Growth of Brassica rapa chinensis
MOL is fermented solution by microbes from organic ingredients such as banana peel. MOL are useful in accelerating the destruction of organic materials and can be used as organic containing NPK fertilizer . This study aims to know the effect of the mixed of rice washing water and banana peel as MOL solution to the growth of pakcoy plants (Brassica rapa chinensis) and the its best concentration. The research design used in this study was a completely randomized design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments in this study were P0 (control) P1 (10%) P2 (20%) P3 (30%) and P4 (40%). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan/DMRT test (Duncan Multipe Range Test) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the MOL of kepok banana peel affects the growth of pakcoy plants on certain parameters, namely wet weight, dry weight and plant root length but not for the height and number of leaves. P2 treatment(20%) showed the best results.
Rise washing water, MOL of kepok banana peel, Pakcoy
Ethnobotanical Study of Natural Coloring Plants in Raut Muara Village, Sanggau Regency
ABSTRACT The use of synthetic dyes can trigger health and environmental problems. Natural dyes are one of the innovations to replace the use of synthetic dyes because they are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. The people of Raut Muara Village, Sanggau Regency utilize several plants as natural dyes such as tipu' (Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm) which is used as a food dye, kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack)) as a beverage dye, red bajakah (Spatholobus ferrugineus Zoll.&Moritzi)Benth.) as a cosmetic, and yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) as a fabric dye. This study aims to increase public knowledge about the types, parts of plants used and processing methods carried out by the people of Raut Muara Village. The method used in the research is descriptive method and data collection techniques by triangulation which is a combination of interviews, observation and documentation. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique with 53 informants. The results of the study obtained 26 plant species from 22 families that are utilized by the leaves, fruit, seeds, and roots. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Natural coloring, Raut Muara VillageABSTRACT The use of synthetic dyes can trigger health and environmental problems. Natural dyes are one of the innovations to replace the use of synthetic dyes because they are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. The people of Raut Muara Village, Sanggau Regency utilize several plants as natural dyes such as tipu' (Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm) which is used as a food dye, kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack)) as a beverage dye, red bajakah (Spatholobus ferrugineus Zoll.&Moritzi)Benth.) as a cosmetic, and yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) as a fabric dye. This study aims to increase public knowledge about the types, parts of plants used and processing methods carried out by the people of Raut Muara Village. The method used in the research is descriptive method and data collection techniques by triangulation which is a combination of interviews, observation and documentation. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique with 53 informants. The results of the study obtained 26 plant species from 22 families that are utilized by the leaves, fruit, seeds, and roots. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Natural coloring, Raut Muara Village
Ethnobotany, Natural coloring, Raut Muara Village
Identifkasi Bakteri dan Fungi Udara pada Pusat Perbelanjaan di Pangkal Pinang
Shopping center is one of the densest areas of human activity, so that the gathering of humans can cause transmission of microorganisms that cause air borne disease. This research was conducted to find out the various types of air pollutant bacteria and fungi on the 2nd Floor of One of the Shopping Center Areas in Pangkal Pinang City. This research was conducted experimentally using Nutrien Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar media for enumeration of bacteria and fungi. Identification of bacteria and fungi was carried out macroscopically, microscopically and biochemically. The results of this study showed that there were 9 bacterial isolates and 4 fungal isolates. The genus of bacteria found is Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus sp. and Nitrobacter sp. As for the genus of fungi found, among others, namely Aspergillus sp. The total bacteria and fungi present in the air in the shopping center have not exceeded the quality standards that have been set, so that it can be said that the air in one of the Pangkal Pinang City Shopping Centers is still healthy
bakteri, fungi, identifikasi, kualitas, udara
Catatan Persebaran Russula cf. cyanoxantha di Hutan Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor
Russula cyanoxantha is one of a group of ectomycorrhizal-forming mushrooms. This species has a main distribution in the four seasons region. Until now, there is limited information on the distribution and taxonomic studies of this species of mushroom in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to add information on the morphological characteristics, taxonomy, and distribution of R. cyanoxantha in Indonesia. This study was conducted in the campus forest of IPB University. Fresh fruiting bodies were observed in the field and in the laboratory. The parameters observed were macroscopic and microscopic characters of the collected samples. The mushroom found had cap colored in shades of white, gray, and purplish. The lamellae are white to cream colored and adnate to the cap, cylindrical stipe. Spores are round to oval with ornaments in the form of small spines on their cell walls. The results of this study are expected to contribute towards the addition of data on Russula mushrooms in Indonesia.
Basidiomycota, Jawa Barat, Makrofungi, Morfologi.
Oleoresin Potency of Siam Leaf (Chromolaena odorata) on Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Mortality in In-Vitro Test
Fruit flies are the main pests that attack various types of fruit vegetables and fruits that can caused a damage in the quality and quantity of production. Fruit flies controlling by chemical insecticides is common to use nowadays, but excessive use of chemical insecticides has a negative impact on the health and environment. One alternative to control the fruit flies is using oleoresins of Chromolaena odorata leaf. This study aims to determine the effect of C. Odorata leaf oleoresin on increasing the mortality of fruit fly pests (Bactrocera cucurbitae). This research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which had 6 treatment levels, namely: N0 (Aquadest), N1 (Oleoresins 2%), N2 (Oleoresins 4%), N3 (Oleoresins 6%), N4 (Oleoresins 8%), N5 (Oleoresins 10%), was replicated 4 times so there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the application of C. Odorata leaf oleoresin had no sigificant effect on mortality percentage and mortality rates, but oleoresin had the potential to increasing fruit fly mortality as concentrations increased. It is necessary to test the increasing concentration of oleoresin > 10% to control fruit fly pests.
Mortality, Oleoresins, Botanical Pesticides, Insecticides, Weeds
Analysis of Herbicide Residues for Broadleaf Weeds Control in Savana Bekol Baluran National Park
The research was conducted in the savanna Bekol - Baluran National Park, East Java to find the best rate of herbicide to control broadleaved weeds in the savanna and to estimate the soil residue of herbicide used. The experimental design was a randomized block with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were herbicide applications consisted of (1) the rate of triclopyr at 670 g a.i ha-1 (TA), (2) rate of triclopyr at 1340 a.i ha-1 (TB), (3) the rate of fluroxypyr at 200 g a.i ha-1 (FA), (4) rate of fluroxypir at 400 g a.i ha-1 (FB), (5) Weeding Manual (PM) and (6) Control (K). The application of triclopyr at 670 g ai ha-1 was among the best of treatments applied. Sampling of soil at day 0 and day 28 after application indicated the residue of triclopyr 670 g ai ha-1 was 0.16 ppm and DT50 = 14 d.
broadleaf weeds, fluroxypyr, herbicide residues, triclopyr
Effect of Plasmodium sp. Infection Against Human Platelets: Literature Review
Malaria is a health problem that can cause death. Research based on a literature review shows that malaria is an infectious disease that causes high morbidity worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in the world. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium infection of red blood cells, Plasmodium infection can cause various symptoms in humans, especially in platelets. The purpose of this study was to find out how the effect of Plasmodium sp. infection. Against Human Platelets. This research method uses a literature review (literature review). Literature review is research by searching and mapping literature. This research was conducted using various sources, including books, journals, magazines, and articles. Based on research, Plasmodium infection can disrupt the structure and function of platelets. Almost all blood components are affected by malaria. The risk of malaria is caused by environmental factors. the mobility of malaria sufferers at school and productive age, whose activities are mostly outside the home, makes them very vulnerable to malaria, because they are more often affected than people who do a lot of activities outside the home. So it can be concluded that malaria is influenced by environmental factors. The variability and range of environmental influences on malaria mediators is enormous
Effect on platelets; Malaria factor; Plasmodium sp infection
Characteristics of Various Local Microorganism Formulations (MOL) and Their Effects on The Growth of Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir
Local microorganisms (MOL) contain fermented solutions made from various local resources. MOL solution has the potential to be used as liquid organic fertilizer because it contains microorganisms that can increase plant growth. This study aims to determine the characteristics of MOL based on different sources of microorganisms obtained from food ingredients typical of Bangka Belitung, as well as to determine their effectiveness on the growth of Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir. This experimental study used a two-factorial completely randomized design (CRD), namely the type of MOL (without giving MOL (M0), MOL made from Bangka shrimp paste (M1), MOL made from rusip (M2), and MOL made from kitchen waste (M3)) and MOL dose (0% (D0), 15% (D1), 25% (D2), and 50% (D3)). Each treatment was repeated 2 times with a total of 32 experimental units. The variables observed were the characteristics of MOL after 1 week of incubation and the effect of giving MOL on the growth of Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir 14 days after planting (HST). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 25 using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that all MOL treatments were successfully fermented with characteristics of sour aroma, liquid texture, produce CO2, acidic pH, and presence of bacteria and mold. The results of ANOVA showed that the factor of giving the type of MOL and the interaction both factor had a significant effect on all observation parameters. However, the MOL dose factor did not significantly affect all observation parameters. Treatment of interaction the type and dose of MOL M2D1 can increase the response of the number of leaves, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poirs. The teratment of M1D3 increased the height response of Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poirs.
characteristics of MOL; Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poirs growth; kitchen waste; rusip; shrimp paste.
Isolasi dan Kelimpahan Cendawan dan Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat pada Pengomposan Serbuk Gergaji dan Sekam Bakar dengan Jenis Kotoran Ternak yang Berbeda
Kompos terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Salah satu faktor dari kompos yang memberikan pengaruh adalah aktivitas mikroba dalam melarutkan fosfat di tanah. Bahan organik yang berbeda dalam pembuatan kompos akan menyebabkan aktivitas dan jenis mikroba yang berbeda juga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kelimpahan cendawan pada berbagai jenis kompos campuran kotoran ternak dan jenis cendawan sebagai pelarut fosfat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan perlakuan pengomposan serbuk gergaji, sekam bakar, kotoran ternak (perbandingan massa 7:1:2), yaitu kotoran sapi, kotoran kambing dan kotoran ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan kompos kotoran kambing memiliki kelimpahan cendawan tertinggi dalam periode waktu, diikuti oleh kompos kotoran sapi dan ayam secara berturut-turut. Jumlah genus atau spesies cendawan pelarut fosfat paling variatif berasal dari kompos kotoran sapi, diikuti kotoran kambing dan kotoran ayam secara berturut-turut. Jumlah populasi cendawan dalam kompos berkisar 104 cfu.gram-1 tanah yang didominasi oleh genus Aspergillus. Cendawan pelarut fosfat pada kompos kotoran ternak adalah genus Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Fusarium.
Pengaruh Salinitas terhadap Kepadatan Populasi dan Konsentrasi Klorofil-a Spirulina pada Media Kultur Modifikasi Walne dan Air Limbah Budidaya Ikan
Spirulina merupakan mikroalga hijau kebiruan yang mengandung klorofil-a. Kandungan klorofil-a Spirulina sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan pada media kultur, salah satunya salinitas. Salinitas yang optimal dapat meningkatkan kadar pigmen klorofil-a, namun peningkatan kadar salinitas juga memberikan pengaruh negatif pada pertumbuhan Spirulina, karena dapat menghambat proses fotosintesis, respirasi dan penyerapan nutrisi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis peningkatan salinitas terhadap penyerapan nutrisi media kultur yang dilihat dari kepadatan sel dan konsentrasi klorofil-a. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratoris. Kadar salinitas yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 ppt. Media kultur dimodifikasi dengan penambahan nutrisi walne dan air limbah budidaya ikan dengan perbandingan 1:1, dengan waktu kultur selama 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan sel tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 30 ppt sebesar 0,635±0,091 dan terendah pada salinitas 0 ppt sebesar 0,293±0,037. Kepadatan sel tertinggi pada semua salinitas rata-rata terjadi pada hari ke-8 hingga ke-10. Konsentrasi klorofil-a tertinggi pada salinitas 10 ppt sebesar 107,153 mg/L dan terendah pada salinitas 25 ppt sebesar 19,684 mg/L. Pada kadar salinitas yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan konsentrasi klorofil-a yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan salinitas memberi pengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi, namun tidak pada konsentrasi klorofil-a Spirulina.
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Sawi Hijau
Pupuk organik cair (POC) dibuat secara alami melalui proses fermentasi dan menghasilkan larutan hasil pembusukan dari bahan-bahan organik yang berasal dari tanaman, kotoran hewan, dan sampah organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan konsentrasi optimun POC buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap pertumbuhan sawi hijau (Brassica juncea L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (50 ml/L), P2 (75 ml/L), dan P3 (100 ml/L). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu jalur (one way ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan pada taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelakuan P3 (100 ml/L) POC buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) pada parameter tertentu yaitu berat basah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat kering.
Permasalahan dan Pemeriksaan Actinobacillus
Actinobacillus termasuk bakteri oportunistik dan merupakan flora komensal dalam tubuh inang. Pada kondisi normal tidak menyebabkan penyakit dan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini terutama dipicu oleh invasi bakteri komensal inang atau bakteri dari lingkungan masuk ke jaringan tubuh inang. Sebagian besar spesies Actinobacillus ditemukan secara khas sebagai komensal pada saluran pernapasan, pencernaan dan genital dari beberapa spesies hewan maupun manusia. Bakteri ini bersifat bakteri Gram negatif yang berbentuk basil, tidak bergerak, tidak membentuk endospora, bersifat anaerobik fakultatif atau mikroaerofilik serta mampu memfermentasikan karbohidrat, mereduksi citrat, urease positif. Sebagian besar spesies Actinobacillus tumbuh lambat pada media perbenihan agar darah dan agar coklat. Oleh karena prevalensi dan virulensinya tidak setinggi bakteri oportunistik lainnya mengakibatkan jarang ditemukan kasus infeksi Actinobacillus dan kasusnya pada manusia tidak banyak dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk menunjang diagnosis pasti infeksi oleh Actinobacillus sangat diperlukan. Pemeriksaan mikrobiologi antara lain dilakukan dengan uji mikroskopik, biakan, identifikasi biokimia, kepekaan terhadap antibiotik, uji molekuler seperti PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) dan hibridisasi DNA.
Perbanyakan Tanaman Anggrek Coelogyne dayana Rchb.f. Secara In Vitro dengan Berbagai Media Tumbuh di Kebun Raya Bogor
Tanaman anggrek merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki keanekaragaman yang tinggi dan tersebar luas di Indonesia. Tanaman anggrek diperkirakan sekitar 5000 spesies yang tersebar di hutan-hutan Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman anggrek asli Indonesia adalah anggrek Coelogyne dayana Rchb.f. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui media tanam paling baik untuk tanaman C. dayana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk membandingkan perlakuan 3 jenis media tanam yang berbeda yaitu T1V (Vacin & Went pertama), VWS ( Vacin & Went Semai) dan KC (Knudson’C). Parameter penelitian yang diamati diantaranya persentase hidup eksplan, warna daun eksplan, dan tingkat kontaminasi eksplan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase hidup eksplan pada media T1V adalah sebesar 60% , sedangkan persentase hidup pada media VWS dan KC masing-masing sebesar 34% dan 48%. Daun eksplan pada media T1V berwarna hijau dan pada media VWS dan KC daun ekplan berwarna hijau kekuningan. Tingkat kontaminasi eksplan pada media T1V sebesar 20%, media VWS sebesar 40%, dan media KC sebesar 0%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media tanam T1V (Vacin & Went pertama) adalah media tanam yang paling baik untuk C. dayana.
Uji Kualitas Bakteri pada Terasi Toboali dengan Lama Fermentasi yang Berbeda
Terasi is a condiment in a variety of Indonesian cuisine. Toboali’s shrimp paste is made in the Toboali district, South Bangka. This shrimp paste is famous for being delicious and without other additives such as preservatives and coloring agent. The purpose of this study was to compare the bacteria quality of shrimp paste with different fermentation times. The salt content used in this study was 20%. Shrimp used as raw material in this study was A. japonicus and the salt used was solar salt. The results showed that the shrimp paste at 0 and 7 days of fermentation contained coliform and colifecal. After 14 days and 28 days of fermentation, the shrimp paste did not contain coliform and colifecal. All samples did not contain E.coli and Salmonella. Meanwhile, the total nonhalophilic bacteria and halophilic bacteria decreased until the end of fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria increased until 14 days fermentation and decreased until the end of fermentation. Non-halophilic bacteria was still above the permissible number for food product safety (more than 105 CFU/g) up to 21 days of fermentation. Based on the results obtained, the shrimp paste should be fermented up to 28 days of fermentation to reduce the number of coliform, colifecal and total non-halophilic bacteria.
Potensi Mikroalga Anabaena sp. Sebagai Bahan Utama Bioetanol
Bioethanol is an energy source that can be used to reduce the use of fossil fuels. It has some advantages such as biodegradable, and non-toxic because the main ingredients come from biomass and produce fewer pollutants. Anabaena sp. is Cyanobacteria that can be used as the main ingredient of bioethanol, its advantages are that it does not compete with food, its growth is fast and it contains carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to analyze the carbohydrate content of Anabaena sp. The stages of the research carried out were Anabaena sp. cultivated for 30 days in freshwater using Walne media, then harvested. The collected biomass was then tested using proximate analysis with two replications. In this study, the data obtained in the form of growth of Anabaena sp. and carbohydrate content was presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that Anabaena sp. which was cultivated for 30 days and harvested biomass was carried out in an exponential phase (day 14), had a carbohydrate content of 25.43 %, protein of 53.70 %, and lipid of 2.40 %. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the biomass of Anabaena sp. has a carbohydrate content of 25.43 % and has the potential as the main ingredient of bioethanol.
Efektifitas Triklopir dan Fluroksipir dalam Pengendalian Gulma Berdaun Lebar di Savana Bekol Taman Nasional Baluran
Invasion of broadleved weeds cause competition with local grasses which are the main feed for herbivores. Chemical control should use selective herbicides that only kill the broadleaved weeds without harming the grass. The research was conducted in the savanna Bekol - Baluran National Park, East Java, from January 2015 until March 2015 to find the best rate of herbicide to control broadleaved weeds in the savanna and to estimate the soil residue of herbicide used. The experimental design was a randomized block with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were herbicide applications consisted of (1) the rate of triclopyr at 670 g a.i ha-1 (TA), (2) rate of triclopyr at 1340 a.i ha-1 (TB), (3) the rate of fluroxypyr at 200 g a.i ha-1 (FA), (4) rate of fluroxypir at 400 g a.i ha-1 (FB), (5) Weeding Manual (PM) and (6) Control (K).The result showed that there was a change in the composition of the vegetation after herbicide applied. The dominance of broadleaed weeds was replaced by the dominance of Brachiaria reptans and Sclerechnae punctata. The application of triclopyr at 1340 g ai ha-1 was able to reduce weed infestation to 0.48 g 0.25 m-2 compared to 12.66 g 0.25 m-2 before the herbicide application. It facilitated the growth of grasses up to 6.87 g 0.25 m-2 which was among the best of treatments applied because it has shown maximum effectieness for controlling broadleaved weeds.
Bioekologi Nyamuk Armigeres, Mansonia, Aedes, Anopheles dan Coquilletidia (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kecamatan Jebus Kabupaten Bangka Barat
Bangka Belitung is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is endemic to the disease transmitted exclusively by mosquitoes, such as filariasis, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and malaria. Limitations of information on risk factors of filariasis and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), mosquito bioecology, and the endemic environment, it has not obtained specific and efficient ways in disease control. This research aims to reveal biodiversity and mosquito bioecology in Jebus District, West Bangka Regency. This research is an explorative one. Collections of adult mosquitoes mostly obtained Armigeres subalbatus (59 individuals). Totally 115 individuals of mosquitoes collected in Jebus District were 115 individuals consisting of genera Armigeres (Ar. subalbatus, Ar. malayi, and Ar. moultoni), Mansonia (Ma. dives and Ma. annulata), Aedes (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Aedes sp.), Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia ochracea) and Anopheles (An. letifer). Collecting of larvae stage obtained two species of mosquitoes i.e. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which were found in the water / drum shelter, bathtub, used bottles and the ex-tin mined pond.
Leptospirosis Ditinjau dari Aspek Mikrobiologi
Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease in humans caused by Leptospira sp. This disease is classified as a zoonosis that usually occurs during the flood and is commonly transmitted through rat urine. Leptospirosis occurs through humans contact with animals or the environment that have been contaminated by Leptospira. There are wide spectrum clinical manifestations of leptospirosis varying from self-limited to severe disease. Leptospira commonly enters human body through conjunctiva or injured skin, food or beverage contaminated with urine’s rat containing Leptospira. This disease is very difficult to be distinguished from other diseases such as meningitis, malaria, dengue fever, hepatitis and enteric fever. Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis are nonspecific and due to the difficulties in conforming the diagnosis so that resulted to the misdiagnosis of this disease. Microbiological examination is done by Rapid Diagnostic Test, Microscopic Agglutination Test, Polymerase Chain Reaction test and others. Prevention can be done by inhibiting the entry of Leptospira to human body via implementing clean and healthy life and surrounding environment.
Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit (Mus Musculus) yang Diinduksi Hiperglikemia oleh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.)
Hyperglycemia is one of the diabetes mellitus characteristics. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has been used traditionally to reduce blood glucose level and clinically need to be proven. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (EDS) on blood glucose levels of hyperglycemia mice (Mus musculus). This was an experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. Thirty mice was used as animal models and was hyperglycemia induced by alloxan 150mg/kg b.w, respectively. Treatment EDS has been given for 14 days with the variation of doses; 200 mg/Kg b.w, 300 mg/Kg b.w, and 400 mg/Kg bw. Fasting blood glucose level was measured before and after EDS treatment by glucocheck. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan for further tests to evaluate the effect of EDS while the difference in blood glucose levels in pre-post treament was analyzed by paired t-test. The result showed that EDS significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). EDS with 400 mg/Kg bw dose showed the strongest effect in reducing glucose levels, followed by 300 mg/Kg b.w and 200 mg/Kg b.w doses. In conclusion, EDS has the potential to develop as an agent to reduce blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Bioekologi Nyamuk Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kecamatan Jebus Kabupaten Bangka Barat
Bangka and Belitung region has under 887 collong consisting of 544 under the island of Bangka, and as many as 343 underneath Belitung Island. It has the potential to become a mosquito breeding location in West Bangka, the highest rate of illness with mosquito vector (malaria, DBD, filariasis) is owned by Jebus District. Allegedly this is related to the location of residential communities close to under. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity and bioecology of Culex mosquito in Jebus Subdistrict, West Bangka Regency. This research was conducted in November 2016 - June 2017. This research is an explorative research consisting of several activities, namely: 1) Habitat Observation, 2) Mosquito Sampling, 3) Larvae Maintenance, 4) Mosquito Identification, and 5) Data Analysis . Based on the results of this study found at least 10 types of Culex mosquitoes in Jebus District. Ten types are Cx. nigropunctatus, Culex sp, Cx. quinquefaciatus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. mimulus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. hutchinson, Cx. foliatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The highest relative abundance value in the three species is Cx. quinquefaciatus (0.29%), Cx. nigropunctatus (0.16%), Culex sp. (0.18%). Cx. quinquefasciatus has a blood-sucking peak at 18:00 to 19:00, 20.00.21.00 and 23.00-24.00.
Identifikasi dan Kekerabatan Fenotipe Ikan Familia Cyprinidae Asal Waduk Sempor, Jawa Tengah
The basic data needed to support reservoir management includes information on fish diversity. Research has been conducted to determine the diversity, phenetic relationship, and simple identification keys for Cyprinidae fish from Sempor Reservoir, Sempor District, Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province. The study was carried out in the period August 2020 to February 2021 with a survey method, and sampling using a purposive random sampling technique. The variables observed were phenotypic characters and species kinship relationships. Parameters observed were morphological performance. Fish body measurements were carried out using standard morphometry. Calculations were made on the number of species and the meristics of each species. The data obtained were analyzed using the NTSYS 2.02i application. to get kinship. Morphological performance was analyzed descriptively. During the research, five fish species from the Familia Cyprinidae were found, including Barbodes binotatus, Barbonymus balleroides, Osteochilus vittatus, Puntius sp., and Rasbora argyrotaenia. The closest phenetic relationship is between B. binotatus and Puntius sp. with a similarity index value of 0.909. The furthest relationship between R. argyrotaenia and B. binotatus with a similarity index value of 0.742. Morphological performance that can be used as a key identification character in Cyprinidae fish from Sempor Reservoir is the presence of a black spot on the tail rod; the reddish color of the abdominal fins, anal fins, and eyes; and a silvery color shaped like a ribbon along the body.
Uji Organoleptik dan Umur Simpan Soyghurt dengan Berbagai Konsentrasi Gula dan Waktu Inkubasi
One of fermented soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) products is soy milk, called as Thew Fu Sui by the community of Bangka Belitung. Soy milk product has unpleasant aroma or “langu” and need to be processed into alternative product such as yogurt. Soy milk yogurt (soyghurt) was made by utilizing the same bacteria in yogurt-making from animal milk including Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Sugar concentration and incubation time were the factors that influenced the fermentation process and product’s taste. This research was conducted to determine the level of people's preference for soyghurt by organoleptic assessment of color, taste, aroma and texture based on variation of sugar concentration and incubation time of soyghurt. Our study found that various additional sugar concentration and incubation time gave difference result in organoleptic test. Soyghurt with 10%, 12.5%, and 15% of sugar addition became more favorable among the participant. The incubation time of 8 hours, 12 hours, and 16 hours equally produced good fermentation results. Storage in refrigerator for 1 days could maintain its flavor, texture, colour and aroma, but changed after 2 days stored.
Analisis Tingkat Keragaman Cempedak di Kabupaten Bangka dan Kabupaten Bangka Barat berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Indonesia is one of central plant genetic diversity in the world, especially for tropical fruits such as Durian, Mangosteen, and Cempedak. Bangka island is one area of the spread of Cempedak in Sumatera. Each plant has a different gene diversity in each tree. Information on the genetic diversity of plant can be known through morphological approaches. Research analyzing the level of diversity based morphological character has never been conducted in Bangka and West Bangka Region. The purpose of this research are to test the level of Cempedak in Bangka Island based on morphology character, so that can bring basic information about the diversity of Cempedak. The location of exploration of this research are in Bangka and West Bangka Region. Determination of sample trees using purposive sampling method. Morphological character parameters are observed in vegetative andgenerative organs which include qualitative and quantative character. Data processing is carried out with reference to UPGMA through the NTSYpc 2.1 program. The result of this research have been founded 6 cultivars of Cempedak, they are Cempedak Kuning, Cempedak Tembaga, Cempedak Nangka, Cempedak Tikus, Cempedak Ular and Cempedak Kapas, they have variative characteristic of leaves, tree, fruit, and seed. The result of similarities analysis of 6 cultivars of Cempedak are 2 main category with 38 % similarities coefficient and 62% differences coefficient. The most diverse morphological character is the shape and size of the leaves, the shape and size of the fruit, the fruit exocarp color, the shape of exocarp surface and the shape of the seeds.
Pemanfaatan Satwa Liar sebagai Obat Tradisional di Desa Terak dan Teru, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah
Terak and Teru Villages are two of the eleven villages surrounding Gunung Mangkol Grand Forest. Since a long time ago, the people in these villages have fulfilled their daily needs by utilizing the natural resources around Gunung Mangkol Grand Forest. One of the natural resources in the grand forest is wild animals commonly used as traditional medicine. This research was undertaken to find out what wild animals are used as traditional medicine by the people of Terak and Teru Villages; and to find out what parts are used, types of utilization, and processing methods of the wild animals. The research was conducted from November 1, 2021 to November 29, 2021. The research methods used were collecting data by surveys and selecting respondents using the snowball sampling technique. Selected respondents were then interviewed according to the questionnaire. Based on the research results, nine species of wild animals were used as traditional medicine by the people of Terak and Teru Villages. The parts of wild animals used were bile, liver, meat, and whole bodies. The types of use of wild animals were male stamina enhancer, asthma medicine, skin pain medicine, surgical wound medicine, malaria medicine, typhus medicine, cough medicine, toothache medicine, burn treatment, and headache medicine. The methods of processing wild animals were unprocessed, dried in the sun for the oil, roasted / burnt, and fried.