Machine: Jurnal Teknik Mesin is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Bangka Belitung (UBB). The journal aims to provide a reputable platform for researchers, lecturers, and students to publish original research papers, technical notes, and review articles in the broad field of mechanical engineering and its related disciplines. By facilitating the dissemination of high-quality research, Machine seeks to contribute to the advancement of engineering science, technology innovation, and sustainable industrial practices. The journal covers, but is not limited to, the following areas: Machining & Manufacturing Processes: machining science, cutting tools, tool wear, turning, milling, drilling, grinding, CNC technology, CAD/CAM, additive manufacturing, welding, casting, forming, surface treatment, and manufacturing process optimization. Materials & Metallurgy: material engineering, metallurgy, steel, aluminium alloys, composites, microstructure analysis, heat treatment (hardening, tempering, quenching), AISI-4120 steel, hardness testing, and tribology. Thermal & Fluid Engineering: heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), refrigerants (R290, R600a, low-GWP refrigerants), refrigeration systems, air blast freezers, evaporative cooling, cold chain technology, and renewable energy systems (micro-hydro, Archimedes screw turbines, hydram pumps). Mechanical Design & Simulation: finite element analysis (FEA), structural analysis, stress analysis, vibration, fatigue, topology optimization, prototype testing, and reliability engineering. Automation & Mechatronics: control systems, PLC, embedded systems, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, IoT, sensors, robotics, and industrial automation. Sustainable & Applied Engineering: green technology, waste management, plastic sorting, biomass utilization (including rice husk), food engineering, cold storage, drying technology, and clothes dryers. Since Volume 4, Issue 2, Machine: Jurnal Teknik Mesin has been published twice a year, in April and October. The journal is indexed in national databases and adheres to the standards of academic publishing ethics. All submissions undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure the highest quality of scholarly communication.
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Sains dan Teknik Universitas Bangka Belitung
The paper presented is assumed not to contain proprietary materials that are not protected by patents or patent applications. Responsibility for technical content and for protection from proprietary materials is the responsibility of the author and their organization and not the responsibility of the machine or its editorial staff. The primary author (first / appropriate) is responsible for ensuring that the article has been viewed and approved by all other authors. It is the responsibility of the author to obtain all copyright release permits required for the use of any copyrighted material in the manuscript before submission.
Filter System Designed to Reduce The Emission of Gasoline Motorcycle Pollutants
Clean and healthy air are major topics around the globe. It is because poor air quality hurts human health and is even responsible for the deaths of millions of people. This work develops exhaust pipes containing filters to reduce the pollutants emitted by motorcycles. There are three pollutant concentrations measured here: CO2, CO, and HC. The measurements were taken before and after the filter system so that the pollutant reduction could be calculated. The maximum pollutant reduction of the filter system: 6.1 % of CO2, 8.0 % of CO, and 651.0 ppm of HC. The primary mechanism of this filter is the physical trapping of pollutants. When the gas flows through the exhaust pipe, the pollutants in the stream are attached to the filter due to direct contact. This change can be visually observed in the filter color, which darkens after use in the exhaust pipe. However, a limitation of this work is its short-term experiment, which lasted only five minutes, indicating a key area for future research. It is also necessary to have alternative filters that are sustainable and can work properly in high-temperature conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Machine : Jurnal Teknik Mesin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of Dorsal Fin Effects on the Aerodynamic Performance of Inverted-V Empennage VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming essential tools in precision agriculture, enabling real-time monitoring, improved land management, and more efficient use of resources. Among them, Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAVs are ideal for operating in confined and uneven agricultural terrains. However, UAVs equipped with inverted-V empennages suffer from aerodynamic drawbacks, including directional instability and adverse yaw under sideslip conditions. This paper advances the state of the art by optimizing the aerodynamic performance of inverted-V tail configurations through the integration of a dorsal fin. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), we assess multiple dorsal fin designs on a UAV platform with a maximum takeoff weight of 10 kg, 2 kg payload, 2-hour endurance, 10 m/s stall speed, and a 5 km² operational range. We analyze key aerodynamic metrics—lift and drag coefficients, lift-to-drag ratio, yaw moment coefficient—as well as flow behavior via pressure contours and vorticity plots. Results confirm that sideslip angles degrade aerodynamic efficiency, but a properly designed dorsal fin, particularly variation 2, significantly reduces adverse yaw at higher angles of attack and sideslip. This modification enhances UAV stability and flight performance, marking a meaningful improvement in VTOL UAV design for agricultural applications.
Dampak Kebocoran Riser Wall Tube terhadap Produksi Energi dan Kerugian kWh pada Sistem Pembangkit Listrik: Studi Kasus PLTU XYZ Unit 1
Kebocoran pada riser wall tube merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama pada boiler pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) karena berperan vital dalam proses pembentukan uap sehingga kegagalannya berdampak langsung pada kinerja termodinamika dan kontinuitas operasi pembangkit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kebocoran riser wall tube terhadap performa termodinamika dan kerugian energi pada PLTU XYZ Unit 1. Penelitian ini menganalisis kasus kebocoran riser wall tube dengan membandingkan kondisi operasional sebelum dan sesudah kejadian. Data menunjukkan penurunan beban dari 49,3 MW menjadi 40 MW, penurunan tekanan uap utama dari 8,6 MPa menjadi 8,13 MPa, serta penurunan temperatur uap dari 536 °C menjadi 530°C. Selain itu, tekanan furnace meningkat signifikan dari -214 Pa menjadi 2.500 Pa, sedangkan tekanan windbox naik dari 12,3 kPa menjadi 17,5 kPa. Kondisi ini diikuti penurunan efisiensi boiler dari 88% menjadi 80% dan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan total kerugian energi sebesar 5.968.095 kWh dengan nilai kerugian finansial mencapai Rp. 4.243.613.949, menegaskan bahwa kebocoran riser wall tube tidak hanya menurunkan performa teknis pembangkit, tetapi juga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi predictive maintenance, inspeksi rutin dengan metode non-destructive test (NDT), serta monitoring real-time parameter operasi menjadi langkah penting untuk meningkatkan keandalan, memperpanjang umur komponen kritis, dan meminimalkan risiko kerugian akibat kebocoran serupa di masa mendatang.
Penerapan Internet Of Things Aplikasi Blynk pada Alat Bantu Praktikum Fisika Hukum Hooke
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan alat bantu praktikum Fisika Hukum Hooke yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan platform Blynk. Alat ini dirancang untuk mengatasi permasalahan dalam kegiatan praktikum konvensional, seperti ketidakakuratan pengukuran manual, keterbatasan alat, dan kurangnya efisiensi dalam pemantauan data secara real-time. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga variasi massa 0,2 kg, 0,25 kg, dan 0,3 kg serta tiga diameter pegas 1 cm, 1,5 cm, dan 2 cm. Data diperoleh melalui dua metode, yaitu pengukuran manual dan pengukuran otomatis berbasis IoT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa alat bantu praktikum berbasis IoT mampu menampilkan data secara akurat dan real-time, serta memiliki tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi dengan rata-rata ketelitian mencapai di atas 95%. Analisis statistik dengan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variabel massa dan diameter pegas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai konstanta pegas (p < 0,05). Dengan demikian, alat bantu praktikum berbasis IoT ini dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi, akurasi, dan kemudahan pemantauan praktikum Hukum Hooke, serta memberikan alternatif pembelajaran fisika yang interaktif bagi mahasiswa
Pembuatan Komposit Matrik Resin Fenolik Diperkuat Serbuk Logam dan RHA Hibrid dengan Metode Metalurgi Serbuk
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data pengaruh variasi persentase matriks resin fenolik dan tekanan kompaksi terhadap sifat mekanik dan fisik komposit hibrid berbasis resin fenolik yang diperkuat serbuk logam (aluminium, kuningan, silika) serta abu sekam padi (RHA) menggunakan metode metalurgi serbuk. Persentase matriks yang digunakan adalah 46%, 54%, dan 62%, sedangkan tekanan kompaksi divariasikan pada 5000 Psi, 5300 Psi, dan 5600 Psi, dengan setiap kombinasi diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Uji kekerasan dilakukan menggunakan metode Portable Rockwell Brinell, dan densitas diukur dengan prinsip Archimedes. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA faktorial dua faktor untuk mengetahui signifikansi masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan kompaksi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekerasan maupun densitas, sedangkan persentase matriks berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kedua sifat tersebut. Kombinasi optimal diperoleh pada matriks 54 % dan kompaksi 5300 Psi dengan nilai kekerasan 82 HB. Densitas tertinggi dicapai pada tekanan 5000 Psi dan matriks 46%, dengan nilai densitas 1,461 g/cm³. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa komposit yang dihasilkan berpotensi kuat sebagai material alternatif ramah lingkungan dan aman untuk kampas rem non-asbes.
Analisis Laju Perpindahan Panas pada Mesin Pengering Biji Kopi
Pagar Alam City, as one of the coffee-producing regions in South Sumatra, still relies heavily on traditional sun drying methods, which are highly dependent on weather conditions. The experiment was carried out by varying the air flow rate at 300, 400, and 500 liters per minute and drying air temperature at 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C. The observed parameters included the reduction of coffee bean mass, moisture content decreaseand the heat transfer rate. Supporting instruments used in this study included thermocouples, a hot wire anemometer, an RH meter, and a digital scale. The results showed that increasing both the air flow rate and drying temperature significantly enhanced the heat transfer rate and accelerated the reduction of moisture content in the coffee beans. At an air flow rate of 500 LPM and a temperature of 80°C, the highest heat transfer rate of 2,785 W was obtained, with the largest mass reduction of 534 grams from an initial mass of 2100 grams, a final moisture content of 38.93%.
Analisis Beban Statis pada Bingkai Panel Surya yang dapat berfungsi sebagai Pengganti Atap Bangunan
Pada saat ini, atap serta panel surya merupakan dua fungsi yang berbeda. Fungsi atap sebagai penutup bagian atas bangunan, serta fungsi panel surya sebagai pembangkit listrik. Adapun pada penelitian ini berfokus untuk menggabungkan dua fungsi pada masing-masing benda menjadi satu. Dengan merekayasa model bingkai pada panel surya. Sehingga, panel surya dapat digunakan sebagai atap bangunan dan sebagai pembangkit listrik. Analisis yang dilakukan berupa pembebanan statis. Analisis statis terdiri dari von misses stress, displacement dan safety factor pada bingkai panel surya. Yang menjadi pembeda dalam analisis statis ini yaitu pada material yang digunakan. Terdapat 4 jenis aluminium yang digunakan yaitu aluminium alloy 1350, aluminium alloy 2024, aluminium alloy 3003 dan aluminium alloy 6061. Dihasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada safety factor, dengan hasil aluminium alloy 1350 sebesar 2,02, aluminium alloy 2024 sebesar 5,57, aluminium alloy 3003 sebesar 3,03 dan aluminium alloy 6061 sebesar 4,04.
Panel Surya, Bingkai Panel Surya, Alumunium Alloy
Evaluasi Efisiensi Kinerja Furnace F-03 Pada Unit Kilang di Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak dan Gas Bumi Cepu
Industri minyak dan gas bumi memiliki peran penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional. Furnace merupakan alat utama yang berfungsi meningkatkan suhu crude oil. Di PPSDM Migas Cepu tersedia enam unit furnace, namun saat ini hanya dua yang beroperasi, yakni Furnace-02 dan Furnace-03. Kedua unit tersebut termasuk tipe box furnace dengan sistem pembakaran horizontal. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah fuel oil serta gas, dan fungsinya adalah memanaskan crude oil hingga mencapai titik didih sebelum dialirkan menuju evaporator.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi Furnace F-03 di PPSDM Migas Cepu melalui perhitungan neraca panas dan analisis kinerja operasional. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Furnace F-03 masih layak dioperasikan atau tidak, serta untuk mengidentifikasi potensi perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan guna meningkatkan efisiensi furnace, seperti optimalisasi sistem pembakaran, pemeliharaan rutin, dan pengurangan kebocoran panas. Evaluasi efisiensi dilakukan dengan menganalisis neraca panas furnace, menghitung efisiensi termal, dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan standar kelayakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan efisiensi Furnace F-03 sebesar 85,70%, yang masih berada dalam rentang kelayakan operasi. Namun, terdapat potensi peningkatan efisiensi dengan optimalisasi sistem pembakaran dan pengurangan kebocoran panas. Temuan ini dapat menjadi rujukan untuk peningkatan efisiensi furnace di kilang lainnya.
Evaluasi Torsi Electric Engine Prototipe Perahu Listrik Nelayan Menggunakan Metode Prony Brake
Teknologi perahu nelayan berbasis sistem penggerak motor listrik telah dikembangkan sebagai salah satu inovasi kendaraan laut. Perahu listrik dapat bergerak dengan adanya gaya torsi yang dihasilkan dari motor listrik untuk memutar poros motor yang terhubung dengan propeller. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi gaya torsi yang dihasilkan oleh electric engine dengan metode prony brake. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan pendekatan terhadap variasi beban, variasi diameter eksternal pully poros motor, dan variasi putaran motor. Hasil perhitungan eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pengujian prony brake dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam metode pendekatan untuk menghitung torsi. Nilai torsi dipengaruhi oleh diameter pulley, variasi beban, dan variasi putaran awal motor. Nilai torsi terbesar pada variasi beban dan diameter pulley yakni pada diameter pulley 3 inchi dan beban 8 kg, yakni 3,10 Nm. Perubahan putaran poros motor (rpm) mempengaruhi peningkatan torsi. Nilai torsi terbesar pada variasi putaran yakni pada 800 rpm dan beban 8kg pada setiap variasi diameter; 4,31 Nm (2 inchi), 5,34 Nm (2,5 inchi), 6,46 Nm (3 inchi). Torsi yang diperoleh digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan kemampuan electric engine dan kemampuan prototipe perahu nelayan selama beroperasi di laut.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Troli Kapasitas 240 kg Guna Mempersingkat Waktu Pencucian, Pelapisan, dan Distibusi Part Wedges Type D6 Pada PT. UMA
PT. Ultimax Mitra Agung Indonesia (PT. UMA) merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang quality control. Proses pengendalian mutu produk yang menjadi bagian penting dalam sistem produksi perusahaan ini. Salah satu produk yang dibuat dan dijaga kualitasnya adalah part wedges tipe D6. Proses pencucian dan pelapisan wedges type D6 harus wajib dilakukan, sebelum part mulai di assembly. Selama ini proses yang dilakukan masih secara manual. Proses distribusi box menjadi yang paling crusian karena masing-masing box memiliki berat 30 kg/box dan proses ini dilakukan secara berulang. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan kelelahan fisik dan risiko cedera selain itu PT UMA mengganggap proses ini tidak efektif dan efisien. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat sebuah troli berkapasitas 240 kg yang mampu membawa enam box wedges. Proses pencucian dengan solar dan pelapisan dengan oli, yang sebelumnya dilakukan manual di bak pencuci sekarang bisa dilakukan di atas troli. Dengan troli hasil rancangan tidak hanya mempercepat proses pencucian dan pelapisan, tetapi juga mempermudah tahapan selanjutnya yaitu proses distribusi wedges ke area assembly. Mekanisme penuangan wedges pada troli dibuat menggunakan sistem katrol, sehingga memudahkan pengeluaran wedges dari box secara efektif. Selain itu, untuk safety troli ini dilengkapi dengan absorber sebagai sistem peredam. Dari hasil rancangan dan pengujian menunjukkan bahwa troli berfungsi dengan baik, kokoh menahan beban, dan mampu meningkatkan ke-effektifitasan para operator bekerja, dimana sebelumnya proses ini membutuhkan waktu 40 menit 34 detik / 240 kg berubah menjadi 21 m 8 detik / 240 kg. Selain troli didesain dengan bentuk mengikuti prinsip ergonomi sehingga tingkat keselamatan dan kenyamanan operator meningkat
ANALISIS PARAMETER PEMESINAN MESIN CNC LASER DENGAN CONTROLLER ARDUINO UNO PADA BENDA KERJA AKRILIK DENGAN TEBAL 3 MM
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines have revolutionized manufacturing processes and mechanical engineering by replacing manual methods that rely on human labor. A significant innovation in CNC technology is the use of lasers, which are highly beneficial in the engraving industry. CNC Laser machines are used to etch materials like 3 mm thick MDF boards according to predetermined design patterns. The precision level, removal rate, and engraving quality depend on the material properties, laser source characteristics, and laser parameters. The objective of this research is to determine the appropriate machining parameters for 3 mm thick MDF boards and to identify the optimal working time for engraving on this material. The method used in this study is the experimental method. The results of this research show that the feed rate used is 750 mm/min and the laser power is set at 40%, with a processing time of 4 minutes and 42 seconds to complete the engraving of a logo on a 3 mm thick MDF board.
CNC laser, MDF board, laser power, engraving speed
RANCANG BANGUN PENDINGIN OTOMATIS PADA SAMBUNGAN PLAT BAJA GULUNGAN (HOT ROLL COIL) PASCA PENGELASAN
This research aims to create an automatic cooling device for rolled steel joints (Hot Roll Coil) produced by a nickel processing factory operating in the Morowali Industrial Area. Steel plates in the form of long rolls that are rolled are first welded to connect the steel plates to produce rolls of steel plate that are ready to be marketed. Joining steel using this welding method makes the steel plate hot with a temperature in the range of 100°C-200°C. The temperature of the steel plate after welding must be immediately lowered before rolling, because otherwise the steel joints will come apart and could hamper the production process because the broken plate will have to repeat the welding process from the beginning. The plate temperature required to enter the rolling process is 40°C - 60°C. This research has produced a tool to cool steel joints by automatically spraying the steel joints and succeeded in reducing the plate temperature from 100℃ - 200℃ to a constant temperature of 40℃ - 50℃ according to the required temperature.
Sistem pendingin, sensor infrared, Hot Roll Coil
PREDIKSI TITIK LAS BAJA TULANG KING CROSS MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI DI PT. XYZ
Welding is a process of combining materials that produces melting at welding temperature, either by applying pressure or without pressure, and using filler metal or without using it. Before the welding process is carried out, it is necessary to place spot welds which aim to hold the previous position during the welding operation. The spot welding process is carried out by placing small lumps of weld on the welding line. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out to determine the effect of the number of spot welds and predict the weld points on king cross bone steel using the Taguchi method. The Taguchi method is used to arrange an orthogonal array for the layout of the experiment. In this method, the experimental results must first be analyzed for accuracy to meet certain conditions. Based on the results of research using the Taguchi method in predicting weld points, it was found that the main factor that most influences the build up setting of Kingcross is the distance between weld points, the second factor is the number of weld points, and the third factor is the length of the weld points.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raden Muhammad Rafi Hadiriyanto
PERANCANGAN SAMBUNGAN BAUT RANGKA VERTIKAL PADA MESIN CNC MILLING MINI
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) adalah sebuah medium berbentuk papan yang dilapisi tembaga yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dan menyalurkan listrik antar komponen elektronik. Pembuatan jalur PCB dengan kualitas bagus maka perlu penggunaan Mesin CNC Milling Mini agar memudahkan pembuatan jalur PCB yang teliti dan presisi. Mesin CNC Milling Mini merupakan pengembangan dari mesin milling konvensional, yang terdiri dari 3 sumbu axis yaitu X axis, Y axis, dan Z axis yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat jalur PCB. Mesin CNC Milling Mini berukuran 620 mm x 600 mm dan memiliki beberapa komponen antara lain frame, stepper motor, poros, leadscrew, bearing, spindle motor, chuck, endmill, kopling, kotak kontroler, bed. Pada sambungan mesin menjadi komponen penting dalam perancangan mesin yang perlu diperhatikan. Dengan adanya sambungan yang tepat, maka pada perakitan Mesin CNC Milling Mini dapat menjadi kesatuan yang utuh, kuat dan presisi dalam penggunaannya. Perancangan Mesin CNC Milling Mini memerlukan sambungan baut untuk menggabungkan komponen mesin. Sambungan baut berperan penting dalam penerus beban antara rangka vertikal dengan komponen mesin. Pada komponen mesin untuk dipasang di rangka vertikal menggunakan ukuran baut M5 diameter 5 mm dengan kekuatan baut sudah dikatakan aman karena gaya yang bekerja 5.145 N kurang dari beban tarik baut 10.104,3 N.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ganjar Pramudi, Umar Hafidz, Alga Aji Santoso
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR ALKOHOL TERHADAP PELEPASAN PANAS DAN KINERJA MESIN PEMBAKARAN
Gasoline engines are crucial, especially in the transportation sector, and currently rely on fossil-based gasoline, which is expected to deplete. To meet domestic energy needs, the country must import gasoline. Therefore, there is a need for renewable energy sources that do not require major modifications to the engine. Methanol, a renewable alcohol fuel derived from plant materials, was tested in a 20% blend with gasoline in a TV-1 engine with a power output of 4.50 kW, a single cylinder, four-stroke configuration, and a cylinder volume of 661.45 cc. The research results indicate that the engine performance with the methanol blend is better in terms of cylinder pressure and heat release. The largest difference in cylinder pressure is 1.91 bar, while the largest difference in heat release is 1.64 J/°C. However, the specific fuel consumption for the methanol blend is higher compared to pure gasoline, with an average specific fuel consumption for the methanol-blended gasoline being 8.7% higher than that of pure gasoline.
ANALISA EFISIENSI ISENTROPIK PADA ASH REMOVAL COMPRESSOR DENGAN SOFTWARE COMPUTER AIDED THERMODYNAMICS TABLE 3
Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a plant that relies on kinetic energy from steam to produce electrical energy. One of the components used to run the system in PLTU is an air compressor. In Pulang Pisau Steam Steam Power Plant, Air Screw Compressor is used to meet the needs of compressed air in air instruments and ash removal. This study aims to analyze the isentropic efficiency of ash removal screw compressors 2 and 3 at Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant by comparing the isentropic value of factory specifications with the isentropic value of actual conditions using Computer Aided Thermodynamics Table 3 (CATT3) software. The method carried out in this study is divided into two, namely taking actual data in the field and calculating data using CATT3 software. The results showed that the average isentropic efficiency value of ash removal compressor 2 is 84% and ash removal compressor 3 is 83% with a range of values of 77% - 89%. From these results, it can be concluded that ash removal compressors 2 and 3 at the Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant are still working properly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan, Muhammad Roby
PRESTASI POMPA SENTRIFUGAL TIPE OVERHUNG UNTUK APLIKASI INDUSTRI DENGAN METODE REVERSE ENGINEERING DAN CFD
Indonesia faces various challenges in achieving net zero emissions, energy crises, and urgent agricultural irrigation needs. In this context, centrifugal pumps play a crucial role in various industrial applications and irrigation systems. However, performance curve data for pumps is often unavailable, particularly for older pumps or those with lost documentation. This study aims to develop new performance curves for centrifugal pumps using Reverse Engineering (RE) based on 3D scanning and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The process begins with geometric modeling of the pump using 3D scanning to obtain accurate data regarding the pump’s physical shape. The model is then used in CFD simulations with the k-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model and SIMPLE method to analyze flow characteristics and pump performance. Simulation results show that the deviation in efficiency and power compared to existing experimental data is below 2%, with a mesh size of 0.00005 mm providing optimal results in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This research demonstrates that developing performance curves using RE and CFD methods can address issues of missing data and provide a solid foundation for design improvements and efficient operation of centrifugal pumps. The findings have the potential to enhance operational efficiency of pump systems and support environmental impact mitigation efforts through pump technology optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Yamin, Rudi Irawan, Cokorda Prapti Mahandari, Rian Dwi Ariandi, Riyan Firmansyah, Muhammad Zidan Alfasha, Suharto Suharto
THE ANALYSIS OF ELVIRA EV-1 CHASSIS MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE WITH VARIOUS BEAM CROSS-SECTION
Elvira EV-1, as an electric vehicle (EVs) has become one of the latest developments that contributes to achieving sustainable and reliable transportation. These EVs were built to serve as a relevant solution for campus operational mobility. However, at the core of its framework system, Elvira EV-1 still uses a ladder-type chassis, which is inferior to other types of chassis in terms of torsional rigidity. Therefore, to enhance its mechanical performance, this study determined the best option of beam cross-section for the Elvira EV-1 chassis. There were three types of the selected beam section, namely rectangular, I-beam, and C-channel. The mechanical performance of each type of chassis was examined using the Frame Analysis module provided by Autodesk Inventor. The results show that the rectangular chassis experienced the highest bending stress of the other types of chassis due to its low moment of inertia, which is almost 26.27% higher. Nonetheless, with the same setup, the shear stress that occurred at the C-channel type of chassis was greater than its material. The chassis would fail under the load subjected to it. Similarly, I-beam chassis has the maximum torsional stress greater than the yield strength of the material due to low torsional rigidity. In addition, the mass of the chassis with rectangular section provided a more lightweight structure, about 36,92% lower than the other type of chassis. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the chassis with a rectangular section has promising performance to be an option as the Elvira EV-1 chassis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Sari Wijianti, Agus Sarwono, Jeri Ariksa, Saparin Saparin; Adam Zuyyinal Adib
PENGARUH VARIASI FRAKSI PENGUAT DAN SUHU SINTERING AMC TERHADAP NILAI DENSITAS DAN KEKERASAN DENGAN SiO2/RHA/BA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi fraksi penguat dan suhu sintering terhadap nilai densitas dan kekerasan komposit bermatriks aluminium yang diperkuat dengan pasir silika, baggase ash, dan rice husk ash. Serbuk aluminium daur ulang digunakan sebagai matriks dengan komposisi fraksi penguat sebesar 6%, 8%, dan 10%. Proses pembuatan komposit meliputi pencampuran serbuk menggunakan metode mechanical alloying, dilanjutkan dengan proses kompaksi panas pada suhu sintering 530°C, 550°C, dan 570°C. Pengujian densitas dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM B962-17, sedangkan kekerasan diuji menggunakan standar ASTM E110-14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi penguat dan suhu sintering berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai densitas dan kekerasan. Nilai densitas tertinggi sebesar 2,387 g/cm³ dan kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 45,9 HB dicapai pada fraksi penguat 10% dengan suhu sintering 570°C.
komposit matrik alumunium, fraksi penguat, suhu sintering, densitas, kekerasan
UJI KARAKTERISTIK PELET REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) HASIL PROSES PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH MENGGUNAKAN PELLETIZER
Municipal solid waste can be processed into solid fuel in the form of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) pellets and used as a fuel substitute. One of them is through the Waste Processing Technology at the Source (TOSS) method. Solid waste generally has a low ash content ranging from 20-40%. RDF is combustible waste or rubbish that goes through a crushing and filtering process by turning it into solid fuel. RDF pellets can be made by pressing using a pellet machine or pelletizer. The aim of this research is to test the characterization of pelletizer performance in processing urban waste into RDF pellets. The characterization tested includes analysis of bound carbon content, volatile content and ash content. The research was carried out by varying the composition of organic waste and inorganic waste, namely 1 sample A (70% organic components + 30% inorganic components), sample B (60% organic components + 40% inorganic components), sample C (50% organic components + 50% inorganic components, sample D (40% organic components + 60% inorganic components), and sample E (30% organic components + 70% inorganic components). The lowest volatile was produced in sample E with a value of 52.8445%, and the lowest ash content was produced in sample A with a value of 4.5466%.
ANALISA KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN TANAH LIAT, ALUMINA, KANJI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN ISOLATOR
Abstract The use of clay is mostly used to make various crafts such as flower vases, jugs and also made into pottery, bricks and roof tiles. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the composition of the mixture of clay, alumina and starch on the porosity, density and water content of the heat insulator cylinder. The research method used is an experimental method by making material from a mixture of clay, alumina, starch as an alternative insulator material. A series of processes are carried out in making the material. Furthermore, after the material has been successfully formed, tests are carried out on the water content, porosity, and density of the material. The results showed that the best mixture of clay, alumina and starch was obtained in sample E with a composition of 20% clay, 60% alumina, and 20% starch. The water content, porosity, and density of the mixture were 9.49%; 26.97%; and 1,514.80 kg/m^3 Key words : alumina, insulator, composition, porosity, and starch
alumina, isolator, komposisi, porositas, dan tepung kanji
OPTIMIZATION OF MAIN ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FOR MITSUBISHI 6UEC52LS ON MT. PRINCESS NAOMI
The purpose of the study is to optimize the cooling system maintenance on the Mitsubishi 6UEC52LS Main Engine on the MT. Princess Naomi belongs to PT. Waruna Nusa Sentana. This research was conducted in the engine room of the MT. Princess Naomi. This research employed qualitative descriptive approach methods. Data collection techniques were obtained through field research by combining observation methods, documentation, in-depth interviews, and a literature review. Data analysis was conducted in triangulation (combination). The results of the study showed that the maintenance of the diesel engine cooling system on the MT. Princess Naomi belongs to PT. Waruna Nusa Sentana has been running optimally with an average after optimization treatment of 83.75%. The cooling system on the main engine of the MT. Princess Naomi applied a closed cooling system. Parts of the cooling system treated include: expansion tank, centrifugal pump, fresh water cooler, sea chest
Copyright (c) 2025 Waris Wibowo, Ningrum Astriawati, Angga Primagani
EFEK PENAMBAHAN GASKET KEPALA SILINDER DAN VARIASI OKTAN BENSIN TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN SILINDER TUNGGAL
The total motor vehicle sales reflected an increase in people's mobility. Alongside this, the industry were also develop high compression engines to achieve optimal performance. This research aims to examine the effects of adding a cylinder head gasket and variations in the octane number of gasoline used in a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. Dynamometer testing was conducted to observe the differences in torque and power output. The test results indicate that an engine with a compression ratio of 11,8 Kg/cm2, coupled with the use of RON 100 gasoline, produces the highest power output, which is 7.90 kW, with peak torque reaching 9.93 Nm. On the other hand, the smallest torque is generated by the same engine when supplied with RON 92 gasoline, at 4.78 Nm, with the lowest power output of 5.43 kW.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bahtiar Rahmat, Mohammad Burhan Rubai Wijaya, Fahmy Zuhda Bahtiar, Katiko Imamul Muttaqin, Yuris Bahadur Wirawan
Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur dan Katalis Zeolit terhadap Karakteristik Bio-Oil dari Pirolisis Limbah LDPE, Ban, Bambu
The problem of dwindling fossil fuels, waste in Winongo landfill, Madiun which is over capacity. An alternative energy (renewable) is needed, which can be produced from waste as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuels, one of which is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the process of thermochemical decomposition of organic materials through heating without or little oxygen to produce gaseous, liquid (tar), and charcoal products. Natural zeolite is used as a catalyst in the pyrolysis process to convert short hydrocarbon chains into longer hydrocarbon chains. The pyrolysis process uses a pyrolysis device with a rotary kiln model with electric heater heating. This research process uses a total raw material weighing 500 grams including 50% LDPE plastic waste, 25% used tires, and 25% used bamboo with the variables used in this study are temperature variations of 250°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C and the addition of 2 natural zeolite catalyst baffles weighing 83.3 grams in each baffle, with a process of 3 hours. Bio-oil volume data was taken every 3 minutes, density and calorific value were studied when the pyrolysis process was complete. The test results showed the highest volume of bio-oil (tar) at 400°C was 261 ml, the lowest density at 600°C was 0.798 g/ml, and the highest calorific value at 500°C was 54,233 Cal/gr.
pyrolysis, zeolite catalyst, bio-oil (tar), bio-oil (tar) characteristics
KAJI EKSPERIMEN PERBAIKAN CACAT RONGGA BENDA CORAN MATERIAL FC 250 MELALUI PROSES PENGELASAN BERBASIS ELEKTRODA NIKEL
Based on the case study in the field, it was found that the casting product had surface defects in the form of cavities and was then repaired using a nickel electrode-based welding method. This repair was carried out to close the cavity defects so that a perfect casting shape was obtained. The material that has been welded has a different hardness from the base material, making it difficult to machining. This study aims to analyze the effect of welding on the ability of gray cast iron material that has been welded in terms of cutting tool wear and chip formation. The sample used was made of gray cast iron with a weld bead on its surface. Welding used a CIN-1 nickel electrode with the SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) welding method. Cutting was carried out using a conventional milling process using an HSS dovetail cutter. Observations were made through hardness testing on the base material, PMZ (partially melted zone), and weld metal which was continued with microstructure testing, wear measurement and chips formed. Based on the results of observations of FC 250 material that was welded on the base material, the microstructure formed was pearlite with graphite in the form of thin and long flakes. The microstructure in PMZ is formed by martensite and carbide, while the microstructure in weld metal consists of an austenite matrix with even distribution of graphite particles. The microstructure formed affects the hardness value of the material. From the observation, the hardness between weld metal and base material is not much different, namely 219 HV and 224 HV. The hardness in PMZ is 385 HV.
cacat rongga, besi tuang kelabu, hardness, dovetail cutter, uji metalografi
Copyright (c) 2024 Reza Yadi Hidayat, Antonius Adi Soetopo, Dede Buchori Muslim, Muhammad Nahrowi, Syifa Khairani
SENSORY PREFERENCE DETERMINATION OF GREEN TEA EXTRACTS FROM UNCONTROLLED AND RELAY-CONTROLLED BREWING PROCESSES USING RANK ORDER CENTROID AND SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING
Green tea extract is a popular beverage known for its health benefits. To increase its market appeal, understanding the sensory profiles—taste, aroma, and color—of green tea extract is essential to ensure customer satisfaction. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the optimal extraction conditions by varying extraction times (3 or 6 minutes) and temperatures (60°C, 80°C, or 100°C) in two brewing methods: (1) a relay-controlled brewing system utilizing Arduino, and (2) a standard brewing process without automated control. Sensory evaluations were conducted by 30 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale.. Decision-making methods, Rank Order Centroid (ROC) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), were then applied to identify the most preferred product. Results indicated that the highest taste score was achieved by the 80°C-6 min sample, while the best aroma and color scores were observed in the 100°C-3 min sample. Overall, the decision-making process using the combination of ROC and SAW methods concluded that the green tea extract from the 100°C-3 min sample was the most preferred by the panelists.
Copyright (c) 2024 Borneo Satria Pratama, Alfiqriyansyah, Arya Dwicahya S, Fitri Hardiyanti Rukmana, Intan Dwi Hartati, Henrike Lehla Cahya Brutu, Winda, Sariati
PENGUJIAN CUTTER ENDMILL HSS DIAMETER 12 MM DENGAN PEMOTONGAN DEPT OF CUT TERHADAP BAJA AMUTIT DI MESIN MILLING LAGUN FU 100 (LFR 25)
This study aims to analyze the relationship between machining parameters and tool wear (flank wear) in the milling process of amutite steel (SKS3) using a 12 mm diameter High-Speed Steel (HSS) endmill cutter. The machining parameters studied included cutting speed (Vc = 14 m/min and 18 m/min), feed rate (F = 30 mm/min and 75 mm/min), and depth of cut (Doc = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mm). The linear regression method was used to build a mathematical model relating these parameters to tool wear. Experimental data were obtained through a series of machining tests with predetermined parameter variations. The regression analysis results showed that tool wear or flank wear (Vb) was significantly affected by cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (F), and depth of cut (Doc), with constant and exponent values obtained through logarithmic transformation and regression analysis. The regression model obtained has a good level of accuracy in predicting tool wear, although there is a difference between the theoretical and actual Vb values. This discrepancy may be caused by factors not measured in the experiment, such as variations in workpiece material or environmental conditions. This research also provides that the 12 mm diameter HSS endmill cutter is proven to be capable of carrying out the depth-of-cutting process on amutite steel material in the Lagun FU 100 milling machine with the specified depth-of-cut.
Copyright (c) 2024 Antonius Adi S Thopo Adi S., Mohamad Yazid Diratama, Gamawan Ananto, Wandi Daniswara
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI AMPERE PENGELASAN FCAW ANTARA BAJA GRADE EH36 DENGAN GRADE A TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK
Industri maritim ditunjang oleh keberadaan galangan kapal sehingga teknologi pengelasan Flux Core Arc Wellding (FCAW) digunakan dalam pembangunan kapal pembangkit listrik terapung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dampak dari variasi ampere pada hasil pengelasan FCAW material Grade EH36 tebal 24 mm dengan material Grade A tebal 16 mm posisi flat (1G) pada main deck kapal. Dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis pengaruh variasi ampere terhadap uji radiografi, struktur makro dan kuat tarik. Variasi ampere yang digunakan 160 A, 200 A dan 250 A. Pada hasil pengujian radiografi tidak ditemukan cacat pengelasan pada weld metal. Pada hasil pengamatan struktur makro tidak ditemukan cacat pengelasan. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik pada spesimen dengan variasi 160 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 293,73 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 445,71 MPa, pada spesimen dengan variasi 200 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 298,61 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 453,56 MPa sedangkan pada spesimen dengan variasi 250 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 294,20 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 445,71 MPa
Copyright (c) 2024 Risriki Widodo, Purwanto, Siswadi
PERANCANGAN MESIN EXTRUDER FILAMEN 3D PRINTING BERBAHAN SAMPAH PLASTIK KAPASITAS 40 KG/JAM
Plastics have experienced a rapid increase in production over the last 70 years. Initially, in 1950, the world only produced 2 million tons, and now production is more than 450 million tons. Around a quarter of plastic waste is thrown away and needs to be appropriately managed, namely around 82 million tons. In other words, the waste is not disposed of in a proper disposal site, not recycled or burned. This research underwent several stages: literature study, data collection, extruder design, machine element calculations, analysis and discussion. Six types of materials will be used as objects for selecting extruder materials, including SS 410, SS 422, AISI 4140, AISI 4340, AISI 1144, and AISI 1045. Planning is carried out on the machine elements so that von Misses stress and deflection values ​​are obtained to determine the appropriate values. Extruder design planning. It was concluded that the highest Von Misses Stress value was obtained for all materials with variations in material length and width, namely 700 and 45 mm. The higher the length and diameter dimensions, the higher the von Misses stress value. The highest deflection value was obtained on Stainless Steel 410 material with variations in length and width of the material, namely 700 and 45 mm. The higher the length dimension of a material, the higher the deflection value.
Copyright (c) 2024 Deri Teguh Santoso, Fadillah Anugrah Saputra, Rianita Puspa Sari
PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN BERTENAGA SURYA GUNA MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN NELAYAN PANTAI MATRAS BANGKA
Natural resources in the form of solar heat, can be used as an alternative to electricity generation by using a power plant tool in the form of solar panels. In certain areas there are still many who need a supply of electric power, for example in the Turun Aban Sungailiat Beach area, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. At that location there is no electric power supply at all, the fishermen at the Turun Aban Beach location often carry out the process of transporting catches at night conditions. Therefore, to meet their needs, these fishermen can use alternative power plants in the form of solar panels. This research examines the process of analyzing the performance of solar-powered power plants. The solar panel produces 115.28 watts of power in 1 day. The time required for charging the battery is 5.81 hours/day and the battery endurance time is 4.65 hours in 1 day.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rizal Tegu Hidayat, Boy Rollastin, Nanda Pranandita