Machine: Jurnal Teknik Mesin is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Bangka Belitung (UBB). The journal aims to provide a reputable platform for researchers, lecturers, and students to publish original research papers, technical notes, and review articles in the broad field of mechanical engineering and its related disciplines. By facilitating the dissemination of high-quality research, Machine seeks to contribute to the advancement of engineering science, technology innovation, and sustainable industrial practices. The journal covers, but is not limited to, the following areas: Machining & Manufacturing Processes: machining science, cutting tools, tool wear, turning, milling, drilling, grinding, CNC technology, CAD/CAM, additive manufacturing, welding, casting, forming, surface treatment, and manufacturing process optimization. Materials & Metallurgy: material engineering, metallurgy, steel, aluminium alloys, composites, microstructure analysis, heat treatment (hardening, tempering, quenching), AISI-4120 steel, hardness testing, and tribology. Thermal & Fluid Engineering: heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), refrigerants (R290, R600a, low-GWP refrigerants), refrigeration systems, air blast freezers, evaporative cooling, cold chain technology, and renewable energy systems (micro-hydro, Archimedes screw turbines, hydram pumps). Mechanical Design & Simulation: finite element analysis (FEA), structural analysis, stress analysis, vibration, fatigue, topology optimization, prototype testing, and reliability engineering. Automation & Mechatronics: control systems, PLC, embedded systems, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, IoT, sensors, robotics, and industrial automation. Sustainable & Applied Engineering: green technology, waste management, plastic sorting, biomass utilization (including rice husk), food engineering, cold storage, drying technology, and clothes dryers. Since Volume 4, Issue 2, Machine: Jurnal Teknik Mesin has been published twice a year, in April and October. The journal is indexed in national databases and adheres to the standards of academic publishing ethics. All submissions undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure the highest quality of scholarly communication.
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Sains dan Teknik Universitas Bangka Belitung
The paper presented is assumed not to contain proprietary materials that are not protected by patents or patent applications. Responsibility for technical content and for protection from proprietary materials is the responsibility of the author and their organization and not the responsibility of the machine or its editorial staff. The primary author (first / appropriate) is responsible for ensuring that the article has been viewed and approved by all other authors. It is the responsibility of the author to obtain all copyright release permits required for the use of any copyrighted material in the manuscript before submission.
Analisis keandalan mesin jet dyeing menggunakan metode RCM dan FMEA pada industri tekstil
The high frequency of downtime on Tonghue jet dyeing machines at PT. Toyobo Manufacturing Indonesia significantly reduces production efficiency and system reliability. This study aims to identify failure modes, analyze downtime levels, and establish appropriate maintenance strategies based on historical data from January 2020 to December 2024. The methodology employs Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) supported by MTBF, MTTR, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Results indicate that failures are dominated by leakage (75 of 144 total incidents) and component wear, particularly in mechanical seals, bearings, and packing. Machine T 30-2 recorded the highest failure frequency (31 incidents, MTBF = 45,106 minutes), while machine T 20-2 exhibited the longest downtime (13,160 minutes, MTTR = 506 minutes/incident). FMEA analysis yielded the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 192 for machines T 20-2 and T 30-2. Total potential production loss across all machines was estimated at 15,524.3 kg. Based on MTBF values, preventive maintenance intervals are proposed at 80% of the MTBF, ranging from 25.1 to 40.9 operational days per machine, which is projected to substantially reduce production losses if consistently implemented.
Copyright (c) 2026 Machine : Jurnal Teknik Mesin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identifikasi risiko bahaya kerja dengan metode HIRADC di PT. Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok pada bagian maintenance mesin gantry lufting crane (GLC)
All types of work certainly have a risk of danger with their respective levels including work in the maintenance section. From the above problems, the research aims to identify hazards, risk assessment, and risk control of hazards at PT Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Banten Branch using the HIRADC method. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. The data in this study were taken from direct observation during the process of implementing industrial practice, which is one month. Then, the data was analysed using the HIRADC Method (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determine Control). The results showed that there were five types of work observed including welding, combustion engine maintenance, cleaning the electrical room, lubrication, and preventive maintenance. The identification results show that the risk level varies from low to high, with the highest risk in work at height. Recommended control measures include the use of PPE, occupational safety training, implementation of lockout-tagout procedures, and installation of fall protection systems. The implementation of these controls is important to minimise work accidents and improve safety in the dock environment.
Analisis kekuatan struktur arm chair produksi industri furnitur menggunakan metode finite element analysis (FEA)
Analisis kekuatan struktural merupakan aspek penting dalam pengembangan produk furnitur, khususnya pada arm chair yang menerima pembebanan statis selama penggunaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja struktural arm chair berbahan kayu jati menggunakan metode finite element analysis (FEA). Material dimodelkan secara ortotropik untuk merepresentasikan perilaku anisotropik kayu secara lebih realistis. Pembebanan mengacu pada standar EN 12520, yaitu 1300 N pada dudukan dan 450 N pada sandaran. Validasi numerik dilakukan melalui uji konvergensi mesh untuk memastikan independensi hasil terhadap ukuran elemen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tegangan maksimum berada pada kisaran ±5 MPa dan terlokalisasi pada area sambungan struktur. Deformasi maksimum tercatat sebesar ±1,51 mm, sedangkan faktor keamanan minimum berada pada rentang 6,09–6,35. Seluruh parameter menunjukkan deviasi di bawah 5% pada uji konvergensi mesh, yang menandakan hasil simulasi telah stabil dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kursi berada dalam kondisi aman terhadap pembebanan yang diberikan. Selain itu, distribusi tegangan yang relatif rendah pada sebagian besar komponen mengindikasikan adanya potensi optimasi desain untuk meningkatkan efisiensi material tanpa mengurangi tingkat keamanan struktur.
Rancang bangun dan analisis regulator konvensional dengan regulator IC pada Toyota Kijang tipe KF 40
The charging system in older vehicles such as the Toyota Kijang KF 40 generally still uses a mechanical contact point type regulator and is prone to failure. This study aims to design a charging system from the contact point type to the Integrated Circuit (IC) type regulator on the Car Training Stand KF 40, as well as to analyze the performance comparison under constant load conditions. The method used is a quantitative experiment with a before-after design. Initial testing on the contact point regulator system showed a total failure with a stagnant output voltage at 12.16 V – 12.30 V, which indicates a discharging condition. After the design was carried out, the test results showed a recovery in performance with a stable output voltage in the range of 14.05 V – 14.21 V across all engine speed variations (1200-3500 RPM). This study proves that the design to the IC regulator successfully improves voltage stability and reliability of the charging system optimally
Charging System, Kijang KF 40, Contact-Point Regulator, IC Regulator, Design and Build, Performance Test.
Evaluasi kinerja dan efisiensi pompa sentrifugal pada sistem pengolahan minyak mentah : studi kasus PT. X
Centrifugal pump P100/5 is used to transfer crude oil from the feed tank to the oil processing system at of Refinery PT.X. Evaluating performance and efficiency is essential to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the processing operation. This study aims to evaluate the performance efficiency of centrifugal pump P.100/5 under actual operating conditions. The research employs a quantitative approach by calculating key performance parameters, including flow rate, head, and pump power. The results indicate that centrifugal pump P.100/5 (Ebara Corporation, 2007), with a design capacity of 25 m³/h and a motor power of 15 kW, has an efficiency performance of 40.94%. This value is still considered acceptable; however, it is not optimal. The primary factor affecting the low efficiency is the oversizing condition, where the pump capacity exceeds the actual system demand. As a result, flow regulation is carried out using a throttling method, which increases head loss and reduces pump efficiency. Several improvement strategies can be applied, including adjusting pump specifications to operate closer to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), implementing routine maintenance, preventing cavitation, and optimizing system operation. Among these alternatives, the use of a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is identified as the most effective solution, as it allows the pump rotational speed to be adjusted according to actual demand, thereby improving energy efficiency and minimizing system losses.
Implementasi internet of things pada alat praktikum viskometer untuk pembelajaran fisika
This study aims to design and develop an internet of things (IoT)-based viscometer as a practical learning tool to help students better understand the measurement of fluid viscosity. The viscometer is constructed using an infrared sensor, a DC motor, and other supporting components, integrated with the blynk application platform. The concept applied in this devise is a spindle-type viscometer. The research was conducted from may to July 2025 using an experimental method. The testing was carried out using three types of fluids at three different temperatures. The viscosity values obtained are as follows: distilled water at 28°C (0.00083 Pa·s), 40°C (0.00066 Pa·s), and 60°C (0.00044 Pa·s); cooking oil at 28°C (0.0388 Pa·s), 40°C (0.0249 Pa·s), and 60°C (0.0164 Pa·s); and SAE 10W-30 oil at 28°C (0.0936 Pa·s), 40°C (0.0634 Pa·s), and 60°C (0.0406 Pa·s). The developed device achieved an accuracy level of 96.34%, indicating that the IoT-based viscometer is highly effective and efficient as a learning aid for students in conducting practical experiments.
Analisis Performance Test Engine CT7-9C Pada Pesawat CN235 DI Test Cell PT. Nusantara Turbin dan Propulsi
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hasil performance test pada engine turboprop CT7-9C yang digunakan pada pesawat CN235 di fasilitas test cell PT. Nusantara Turbin dan Propulsi. Pengujian dilakukan pasca perawatan dan overhaul untuk memastikan semua parameter kinerja, seperti speed, temperatur, putaran, shaft horse power (SHP), fuel flow, dan pressure memenuhi standar manufaktur. Selain itu, efisiensi gearbox dievaluasi dengan membandingkan torsi input-output di berbagai kondisi beban. Seluruh data diuji dan dikoreksi terhadap kondisi atmosfer standar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai SHP terkoreksi telah memenuhi batas minimal OEM dan temperatur berada dalam limit operasional, menandakan engine memenuhi kriteria acceptance. Efisiensi gearbox juga terbukti optimal, dengan nilai di atas 95% pada power setting utama, sementara nilai terendah terjadi pada idle akibat losses mekanik yang lebih dominan. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi peran desain gear, pelumasan, distribusi beban, dan temperatur pelumas dalam memengaruhi performa dan efisiensi engine. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengujian performa dan efisiensi gearbox sebagai langkah krusial untuk memastikan keandalan dan keselamatan sistem propulsi pesawat, serta mendukung kelangsungan operasional CN235 secara optimal dan aman.
Perancangan dan analisis loader input mesin tempering pada line produksi hot coil spring PT. XYZ
Loader is a production support tool that functions to move workpieces from one place to another. The loader at the input of the tempering machine has a working principle by moving objects in the form of hot coil springs from the chain conveyor to the conveyor on the tempering machine as a workpiece input process. The main problem that occurs with the loader is the limited transport capacity of 6 workpieces in one cycle and there is vibration due to the loader construction that swings when moving material. A new loader design at the input of the tempering machine is needed to increase the workpiece transport capacity by at least 50% according to industry requests and minimize vibrations due to swinging movements. The design process for the input loader of the tempering machine uses the VDI 2222 method. The results of the study are in the form of a new loader design that has total dimensions of 6000 × 1810 × 3845 mm. The results of the calculations and construction analysis show that the loader can increase the workpiece carrying capacity by up to 66%, namely 10 pcs coil springs, and the cycle time decreases by 29%, from 11 s to 7.79 s.
Pengaruh Konversi Sistem Karburator Menjadi Sistem Injeksi Terhadap Performa dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Sepeda Motor 130cc
Peningkatan performa mesin dan efisiensi penggunaan bahan bakar merupakan aspek penting dalam perkembangan teknologi otomotif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konversi sistem bahan bakar dari karburator menjadi sistem injeksi terhadap performa mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor bebek 130 cc. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua metode, yaitu pengujian performa mesin menggunakan chasis dynamometer dan uji konsumsi bahan bakar dilakukan dengan mengukur volume bahan bakar yang digunakan selama satu menit. Pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar dilakukan pada berbagai kecepatan putaran mesin, yaitu 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, dan 6000 Rpm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa konversi sistem bahan bakar dari karburator ke injeksi meningkatkan performa mesin dan efisiensi bahan bakar. Daya maksimum pada sistem karburator tercacat sebesar 12,2 HP pada 950 Rpm. Sedangkan pada sistem injeksi meningkat menjadi 12,8 HP pada 9500 Rpm. Selain itu, sistem injeksi menunjukkan konsumsi bahan bakar yang lebih hemat pada setiap kecepatan putaran mesin, dengan perbedaan sebesar 5 mL per menit pada putaran mesin 5000 Rpm dibandingkan dengan sistem karburator. Dengan demikian, sistem bahan bakar injeksi terbukti memberikan peningkatan performa dan efisiensi yang signifikan dibanding sistem karburator.
Konversi sistem bahan bakar, Injeksi, Karburator, Performa, Efisiensi bahan bakar.
Filter System Designed to Reduce The Emission of Gasoline Motorcycle Pollutants
Clean and healthy air are major topics around the globe. It is because poor air quality hurts human health and is even responsible for the deaths of millions of people. This work develops exhaust pipes containing filters to reduce the pollutants emitted by motorcycles. There are three pollutant concentrations measured here: CO2, CO, and HC. The measurements were taken before and after the filter system so that the pollutant reduction could be calculated. The maximum pollutant reduction of the filter system: 6.1 % of CO2, 8.0 % of CO, and 651.0 ppm of HC. The primary mechanism of this filter is the physical trapping of pollutants. When the gas flows through the exhaust pipe, the pollutants in the stream are attached to the filter due to direct contact. This change can be visually observed in the filter color, which darkens after use in the exhaust pipe. However, a limitation of this work is its short-term experiment, which lasted only five minutes, indicating a key area for future research. It is also necessary to have alternative filters that are sustainable and can work properly in high-temperature conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Machine : Jurnal Teknik Mesin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of Dorsal Fin Effects on the Aerodynamic Performance of Inverted-V Empennage VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming essential tools in precision agriculture, enabling real-time monitoring, improved land management, and more efficient use of resources. Among them, Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) UAVs are ideal for operating in confined and uneven agricultural terrains. However, UAVs equipped with inverted-V empennages suffer from aerodynamic drawbacks, including directional instability and adverse yaw under sideslip conditions. This paper advances the state of the art by optimizing the aerodynamic performance of inverted-V tail configurations through the integration of a dorsal fin. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), we assess multiple dorsal fin designs on a UAV platform with a maximum takeoff weight of 10 kg, 2 kg payload, 2-hour endurance, 10 m/s stall speed, and a 5 km² operational range. We analyze key aerodynamic metrics—lift and drag coefficients, lift-to-drag ratio, yaw moment coefficient—as well as flow behavior via pressure contours and vorticity plots. Results confirm that sideslip angles degrade aerodynamic efficiency, but a properly designed dorsal fin, particularly variation 2, significantly reduces adverse yaw at higher angles of attack and sideslip. This modification enhances UAV stability and flight performance, marking a meaningful improvement in VTOL UAV design for agricultural applications.
Dampak Kebocoran Riser Wall Tube terhadap Produksi Energi dan Kerugian kWh pada Sistem Pembangkit Listrik: Studi Kasus PLTU XYZ Unit 1
Kebocoran pada riser wall tube merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama pada boiler pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) karena berperan vital dalam proses pembentukan uap sehingga kegagalannya berdampak langsung pada kinerja termodinamika dan kontinuitas operasi pembangkit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kebocoran riser wall tube terhadap performa termodinamika dan kerugian energi pada PLTU XYZ Unit 1. Penelitian ini menganalisis kasus kebocoran riser wall tube dengan membandingkan kondisi operasional sebelum dan sesudah kejadian. Data menunjukkan penurunan beban dari 49,3 MW menjadi 40 MW, penurunan tekanan uap utama dari 8,6 MPa menjadi 8,13 MPa, serta penurunan temperatur uap dari 536 °C menjadi 530°C. Selain itu, tekanan furnace meningkat signifikan dari -214 Pa menjadi 2.500 Pa, sedangkan tekanan windbox naik dari 12,3 kPa menjadi 17,5 kPa. Kondisi ini diikuti penurunan efisiensi boiler dari 88% menjadi 80% dan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan total kerugian energi sebesar 5.968.095 kWh dengan nilai kerugian finansial mencapai Rp. 4.243.613.949, menegaskan bahwa kebocoran riser wall tube tidak hanya menurunkan performa teknis pembangkit, tetapi juga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi predictive maintenance, inspeksi rutin dengan metode non-destructive test (NDT), serta monitoring real-time parameter operasi menjadi langkah penting untuk meningkatkan keandalan, memperpanjang umur komponen kritis, dan meminimalkan risiko kerugian akibat kebocoran serupa di masa mendatang.
Evaluation study on performance of heat exchanger – 4000 in central processing area PT. PertaminA EP Asset 4 Sukowati Field
PT Pertamina EP Asset 4 is one of Pertamina's subsidiaries operating in the oil and gas industry. In its production process, PT Pertamina EP Asset 4 requires heat exchangers for various purposes. Impurities on the shell and tube walls is unavoidable, which, if left unchecked, will disrupt the efficiency of the heat exchanger. These impurities accumulate over time and hinder the heat exchanger's efficiency due to debris adhering to the shell and tube surfaces. Therefore, this calculation is aimed at determining the heat transfer efficiency during industrial processes. Heat efficiency, which describes the ratio of heat transferred from a high-temperature fluid (water) to a low-temperature fluid (oil) per unit of time, is a crucial metric for evaluating the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. The research findings show that the overall net coefficient (Uc) and overall design average coefficient (Ud) are recorded at 88.2422 Btu/ft2.hr.°F and 51.7160 Btu/ft2.hr.°F, respectively. Meanwhile, the fouling factor (Rd) is assessed at 0.0079 ft2.hr°F/Btu. Based on the significant difference between Uc and Ud as well as the high Rd value, it can be concluded that the heat exchanger unit has experienced considerable fouling, necessitating a special mechanical cleaning to restore its performance.
Penerapan Internet Of Things Aplikasi Blynk pada Alat Bantu Praktikum Fisika Hukum Hooke
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan alat bantu praktikum Fisika Hukum Hooke yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan platform Blynk. Alat ini dirancang untuk mengatasi permasalahan dalam kegiatan praktikum konvensional, seperti ketidakakuratan pengukuran manual, keterbatasan alat, dan kurangnya efisiensi dalam pemantauan data secara real-time. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga variasi massa 0,2 kg, 0,25 kg, dan 0,3 kg serta tiga diameter pegas 1 cm, 1,5 cm, dan 2 cm. Data diperoleh melalui dua metode, yaitu pengukuran manual dan pengukuran otomatis berbasis IoT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa alat bantu praktikum berbasis IoT mampu menampilkan data secara akurat dan real-time, serta memiliki tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi dengan rata-rata ketelitian mencapai di atas 95%. Analisis statistik dengan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variabel massa dan diameter pegas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai konstanta pegas (p < 0,05). Dengan demikian, alat bantu praktikum berbasis IoT ini dinilai efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi, akurasi, dan kemudahan pemantauan praktikum Hukum Hooke, serta memberikan alternatif pembelajaran fisika yang interaktif bagi mahasiswa
Pembuatan Komposit Matrik Resin Fenolik Diperkuat Serbuk Logam dan RHA Hibrid dengan Metode Metalurgi Serbuk
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data pengaruh variasi persentase matriks resin fenolik dan tekanan kompaksi terhadap sifat mekanik dan fisik komposit hibrid berbasis resin fenolik yang diperkuat serbuk logam (aluminium, kuningan, silika) serta abu sekam padi (RHA) menggunakan metode metalurgi serbuk. Persentase matriks yang digunakan adalah 46%, 54%, dan 62%, sedangkan tekanan kompaksi divariasikan pada 5000 Psi, 5300 Psi, dan 5600 Psi, dengan setiap kombinasi diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Uji kekerasan dilakukan menggunakan metode Portable Rockwell Brinell, dan densitas diukur dengan prinsip Archimedes. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA faktorial dua faktor untuk mengetahui signifikansi masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan kompaksi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekerasan maupun densitas, sedangkan persentase matriks berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kedua sifat tersebut. Kombinasi optimal diperoleh pada matriks 54 % dan kompaksi 5300 Psi dengan nilai kekerasan 82 HB. Densitas tertinggi dicapai pada tekanan 5000 Psi dan matriks 46%, dengan nilai densitas 1,461 g/cm³. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa komposit yang dihasilkan berpotensi kuat sebagai material alternatif ramah lingkungan dan aman untuk kampas rem non-asbes.
Analisis Laju Perpindahan Panas pada Mesin Pengering Biji Kopi
Pagar Alam City, as one of the coffee-producing regions in South Sumatra, still relies heavily on traditional sun drying methods, which are highly dependent on weather conditions. The experiment was carried out by varying the air flow rate at 300, 400, and 500 liters per minute and drying air temperature at 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C. The observed parameters included the reduction of coffee bean mass, moisture content decreaseand the heat transfer rate. Supporting instruments used in this study included thermocouples, a hot wire anemometer, an RH meter, and a digital scale. The results showed that increasing both the air flow rate and drying temperature significantly enhanced the heat transfer rate and accelerated the reduction of moisture content in the coffee beans. At an air flow rate of 500 LPM and a temperature of 80°C, the highest heat transfer rate of 2,785 W was obtained, with the largest mass reduction of 534 grams from an initial mass of 2100 grams, a final moisture content of 38.93%.
Analisis Beban Statis pada Bingkai Panel Surya yang dapat berfungsi sebagai Pengganti Atap Bangunan
Pada saat ini, atap serta panel surya merupakan dua fungsi yang berbeda. Fungsi atap sebagai penutup bagian atas bangunan, serta fungsi panel surya sebagai pembangkit listrik. Adapun pada penelitian ini berfokus untuk menggabungkan dua fungsi pada masing-masing benda menjadi satu. Dengan merekayasa model bingkai pada panel surya. Sehingga, panel surya dapat digunakan sebagai atap bangunan dan sebagai pembangkit listrik. Analisis yang dilakukan berupa pembebanan statis. Analisis statis terdiri dari von misses stress, displacement dan safety factor pada bingkai panel surya. Yang menjadi pembeda dalam analisis statis ini yaitu pada material yang digunakan. Terdapat 4 jenis aluminium yang digunakan yaitu aluminium alloy 1350, aluminium alloy 2024, aluminium alloy 3003 dan aluminium alloy 6061. Dihasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada safety factor, dengan hasil aluminium alloy 1350 sebesar 2,02, aluminium alloy 2024 sebesar 5,57, aluminium alloy 3003 sebesar 3,03 dan aluminium alloy 6061 sebesar 4,04.
Panel Surya, Bingkai Panel Surya, Alumunium Alloy
Evaluasi Efisiensi Kinerja Furnace F-03 Pada Unit Kilang di Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak dan Gas Bumi Cepu
Industri minyak dan gas bumi memiliki peran penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional. Furnace merupakan alat utama yang berfungsi meningkatkan suhu crude oil. Di PPSDM Migas Cepu tersedia enam unit furnace, namun saat ini hanya dua yang beroperasi, yakni Furnace-02 dan Furnace-03. Kedua unit tersebut termasuk tipe box furnace dengan sistem pembakaran horizontal. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah fuel oil serta gas, dan fungsinya adalah memanaskan crude oil hingga mencapai titik didih sebelum dialirkan menuju evaporator.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi Furnace F-03 di PPSDM Migas Cepu melalui perhitungan neraca panas dan analisis kinerja operasional. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Furnace F-03 masih layak dioperasikan atau tidak, serta untuk mengidentifikasi potensi perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan guna meningkatkan efisiensi furnace, seperti optimalisasi sistem pembakaran, pemeliharaan rutin, dan pengurangan kebocoran panas. Evaluasi efisiensi dilakukan dengan menganalisis neraca panas furnace, menghitung efisiensi termal, dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan standar kelayakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan efisiensi Furnace F-03 sebesar 85,70%, yang masih berada dalam rentang kelayakan operasi. Namun, terdapat potensi peningkatan efisiensi dengan optimalisasi sistem pembakaran dan pengurangan kebocoran panas. Temuan ini dapat menjadi rujukan untuk peningkatan efisiensi furnace di kilang lainnya.
Evaluasi Torsi Electric Engine Prototipe Perahu Listrik Nelayan Menggunakan Metode Prony Brake
Teknologi perahu nelayan berbasis sistem penggerak motor listrik telah dikembangkan sebagai salah satu inovasi kendaraan laut. Perahu listrik dapat bergerak dengan adanya gaya torsi yang dihasilkan dari motor listrik untuk memutar poros motor yang terhubung dengan propeller. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi gaya torsi yang dihasilkan oleh electric engine dengan metode prony brake. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan pendekatan terhadap variasi beban, variasi diameter eksternal pully poros motor, dan variasi putaran motor. Hasil perhitungan eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pengujian prony brake dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam metode pendekatan untuk menghitung torsi. Nilai torsi dipengaruhi oleh diameter pulley, variasi beban, dan variasi putaran awal motor. Nilai torsi terbesar pada variasi beban dan diameter pulley yakni pada diameter pulley 3 inchi dan beban 8 kg, yakni 3,10 Nm. Perubahan putaran poros motor (rpm) mempengaruhi peningkatan torsi. Nilai torsi terbesar pada variasi putaran yakni pada 800 rpm dan beban 8kg pada setiap variasi diameter; 4,31 Nm (2 inchi), 5,34 Nm (2,5 inchi), 6,46 Nm (3 inchi). Torsi yang diperoleh digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan kemampuan electric engine dan kemampuan prototipe perahu nelayan selama beroperasi di laut.
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Troli Kapasitas 240 kg Guna Mempersingkat Waktu Pencucian, Pelapisan, dan Distibusi Part Wedges Type D6 Pada PT. UMA
PT. Ultimax Mitra Agung Indonesia (PT. UMA) merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang quality control. Proses pengendalian mutu produk yang menjadi bagian penting dalam sistem produksi perusahaan ini. Salah satu produk yang dibuat dan dijaga kualitasnya adalah part wedges tipe D6. Proses pencucian dan pelapisan wedges type D6 harus wajib dilakukan, sebelum part mulai di assembly. Selama ini proses yang dilakukan masih secara manual. Proses distribusi box menjadi yang paling crusian karena masing-masing box memiliki berat 30 kg/box dan proses ini dilakukan secara berulang. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan kelelahan fisik dan risiko cedera selain itu PT UMA mengganggap proses ini tidak efektif dan efisien. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat sebuah troli berkapasitas 240 kg yang mampu membawa enam box wedges. Proses pencucian dengan solar dan pelapisan dengan oli, yang sebelumnya dilakukan manual di bak pencuci sekarang bisa dilakukan di atas troli. Dengan troli hasil rancangan tidak hanya mempercepat proses pencucian dan pelapisan, tetapi juga mempermudah tahapan selanjutnya yaitu proses distribusi wedges ke area assembly. Mekanisme penuangan wedges pada troli dibuat menggunakan sistem katrol, sehingga memudahkan pengeluaran wedges dari box secara efektif. Selain itu, untuk safety troli ini dilengkapi dengan absorber sebagai sistem peredam. Dari hasil rancangan dan pengujian menunjukkan bahwa troli berfungsi dengan baik, kokoh menahan beban, dan mampu meningkatkan ke-effektifitasan para operator bekerja, dimana sebelumnya proses ini membutuhkan waktu 40 menit 34 detik / 240 kg berubah menjadi 21 m 8 detik / 240 kg. Selain troli didesain dengan bentuk mengikuti prinsip ergonomi sehingga tingkat keselamatan dan kenyamanan operator meningkat
ANALISA KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN TANAH LIAT, ALUMINA, KANJI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN ISOLATOR
Abstract The use of clay is mostly used to make various crafts such as flower vases, jugs and also made into pottery, bricks and roof tiles. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the composition of the mixture of clay, alumina and starch on the porosity, density and water content of the heat insulator cylinder. The research method used is an experimental method by making material from a mixture of clay, alumina, starch as an alternative insulator material. A series of processes are carried out in making the material. Furthermore, after the material has been successfully formed, tests are carried out on the water content, porosity, and density of the material. The results showed that the best mixture of clay, alumina and starch was obtained in sample E with a composition of 20% clay, 60% alumina, and 20% starch. The water content, porosity, and density of the mixture were 9.49%; 26.97%; and 1,514.80 kg/m^3 Key words : alumina, insulator, composition, porosity, and starch
alumina, isolator, komposisi, porositas, dan tepung kanji
ANALISA EFISIENSI ISENTROPIK PADA ASH REMOVAL COMPRESSOR DENGAN SOFTWARE COMPUTER AIDED THERMODYNAMICS TABLE 3
Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a plant that relies on kinetic energy from steam to produce electrical energy. One of the components used to run the system in PLTU is an air compressor. In Pulang Pisau Steam Steam Power Plant, Air Screw Compressor is used to meet the needs of compressed air in air instruments and ash removal. This study aims to analyze the isentropic efficiency of ash removal screw compressors 2 and 3 at Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant by comparing the isentropic value of factory specifications with the isentropic value of actual conditions using Computer Aided Thermodynamics Table 3 (CATT3) software. The method carried out in this study is divided into two, namely taking actual data in the field and calculating data using CATT3 software. The results showed that the average isentropic efficiency value of ash removal compressor 2 is 84% and ash removal compressor 3 is 83% with a range of values of 77% - 89%. From these results, it can be concluded that ash removal compressors 2 and 3 at the Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant are still working properly.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan, Muhammad Roby
PREDIKSI TITIK LAS BAJA TULANG KING CROSS MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI DI PT. XYZ
Welding is a process of combining materials that produces melting at welding temperature, either by applying pressure or without pressure, and using filler metal or without using it. Before the welding process is carried out, it is necessary to place spot welds which aim to hold the previous position during the welding operation. The spot welding process is carried out by placing small lumps of weld on the welding line. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out to determine the effect of the number of spot welds and predict the weld points on king cross bone steel using the Taguchi method. The Taguchi method is used to arrange an orthogonal array for the layout of the experiment. In this method, the experimental results must first be analyzed for accuracy to meet certain conditions. Based on the results of research using the Taguchi method in predicting weld points, it was found that the main factor that most influences the build up setting of Kingcross is the distance between weld points, the second factor is the number of weld points, and the third factor is the length of the weld points.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raden Muhammad Rafi Hadiriyanto
PENGARUH VARIASI FRAKSI PENGUAT DAN SUHU SINTERING AMC TERHADAP NILAI DENSITAS DAN KEKERASAN DENGAN SiO2/RHA/BA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi fraksi penguat dan suhu sintering terhadap nilai densitas dan kekerasan komposit bermatriks aluminium yang diperkuat dengan pasir silika, baggase ash, dan rice husk ash. Serbuk aluminium daur ulang digunakan sebagai matriks dengan komposisi fraksi penguat sebesar 6%, 8%, dan 10%. Proses pembuatan komposit meliputi pencampuran serbuk menggunakan metode mechanical alloying, dilanjutkan dengan proses kompaksi panas pada suhu sintering 530°C, 550°C, dan 570°C. Pengujian densitas dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM B962-17, sedangkan kekerasan diuji menggunakan standar ASTM E110-14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi penguat dan suhu sintering berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai densitas dan kekerasan. Nilai densitas tertinggi sebesar 2,387 g/cm³ dan kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 45,9 HB dicapai pada fraksi penguat 10% dengan suhu sintering 570°C.
komposit matrik alumunium, fraksi penguat, suhu sintering, densitas, kekerasan
PRESTASI POMPA SENTRIFUGAL TIPE OVERHUNG UNTUK APLIKASI INDUSTRI DENGAN METODE REVERSE ENGINEERING DAN CFD
Indonesia faces various challenges in achieving net zero emissions, energy crises, and urgent agricultural irrigation needs. In this context, centrifugal pumps play a crucial role in various industrial applications and irrigation systems. However, performance curve data for pumps is often unavailable, particularly for older pumps or those with lost documentation. This study aims to develop new performance curves for centrifugal pumps using Reverse Engineering (RE) based on 3D scanning and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The process begins with geometric modeling of the pump using 3D scanning to obtain accurate data regarding the pump’s physical shape. The model is then used in CFD simulations with the k-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model and SIMPLE method to analyze flow characteristics and pump performance. Simulation results show that the deviation in efficiency and power compared to existing experimental data is below 2%, with a mesh size of 0.00005 mm providing optimal results in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This research demonstrates that developing performance curves using RE and CFD methods can address issues of missing data and provide a solid foundation for design improvements and efficient operation of centrifugal pumps. The findings have the potential to enhance operational efficiency of pump systems and support environmental impact mitigation efforts through pump technology optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Yamin, Rudi Irawan, Cokorda Prapti Mahandari, Rian Dwi Ariandi, Riyan Firmansyah, Muhammad Zidan Alfasha, Suharto Suharto
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR ALKOHOL TERHADAP PELEPASAN PANAS DAN KINERJA MESIN PEMBAKARAN
Gasoline engines are crucial, especially in the transportation sector, and currently rely on fossil-based gasoline, which is expected to deplete. To meet domestic energy needs, the country must import gasoline. Therefore, there is a need for renewable energy sources that do not require major modifications to the engine. Methanol, a renewable alcohol fuel derived from plant materials, was tested in a 20% blend with gasoline in a TV-1 engine with a power output of 4.50 kW, a single cylinder, four-stroke configuration, and a cylinder volume of 661.45 cc. The research results indicate that the engine performance with the methanol blend is better in terms of cylinder pressure and heat release. The largest difference in cylinder pressure is 1.91 bar, while the largest difference in heat release is 1.64 J/°C. However, the specific fuel consumption for the methanol blend is higher compared to pure gasoline, with an average specific fuel consumption for the methanol-blended gasoline being 8.7% higher than that of pure gasoline.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK PELET REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) HASIL PROSES PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH MENGGUNAKAN PELLETIZER
Municipal solid waste can be processed into solid fuel in the form of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) pellets and used as a fuel substitute. One of them is through the Waste Processing Technology at the Source (TOSS) method. Solid waste generally has a low ash content ranging from 20-40%. RDF is combustible waste or rubbish that goes through a crushing and filtering process by turning it into solid fuel. RDF pellets can be made by pressing using a pellet machine or pelletizer. The aim of this research is to test the characterization of pelletizer performance in processing urban waste into RDF pellets. The characterization tested includes analysis of bound carbon content, volatile content and ash content. The research was carried out by varying the composition of organic waste and inorganic waste, namely 1 sample A (70% organic components + 30% inorganic components), sample B (60% organic components + 40% inorganic components), sample C (50% organic components + 50% inorganic components, sample D (40% organic components + 60% inorganic components), and sample E (30% organic components + 70% inorganic components). The lowest volatile was produced in sample E with a value of 52.8445%, and the lowest ash content was produced in sample A with a value of 4.5466%.
EFEK PENAMBAHAN GASKET KEPALA SILINDER DAN VARIASI OKTAN BENSIN TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN SILINDER TUNGGAL
The total motor vehicle sales reflected an increase in people's mobility. Alongside this, the industry were also develop high compression engines to achieve optimal performance. This research aims to examine the effects of adding a cylinder head gasket and variations in the octane number of gasoline used in a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. Dynamometer testing was conducted to observe the differences in torque and power output. The test results indicate that an engine with a compression ratio of 11,8 Kg/cm2, coupled with the use of RON 100 gasoline, produces the highest power output, which is 7.90 kW, with peak torque reaching 9.93 Nm. On the other hand, the smallest torque is generated by the same engine when supplied with RON 92 gasoline, at 4.78 Nm, with the lowest power output of 5.43 kW.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bahtiar Rahmat, Mohammad Burhan Rubai Wijaya, Fahmy Zuhda Bahtiar, Katiko Imamul Muttaqin, Yuris Bahadur Wirawan
OPTIMIZATION OF MAIN ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FOR MITSUBISHI 6UEC52LS ON MT. PRINCESS NAOMI
The purpose of the study is to optimize the cooling system maintenance on the Mitsubishi 6UEC52LS Main Engine on the MT. Princess Naomi belongs to PT. Waruna Nusa Sentana. This research was conducted in the engine room of the MT. Princess Naomi. This research employed qualitative descriptive approach methods. Data collection techniques were obtained through field research by combining observation methods, documentation, in-depth interviews, and a literature review. Data analysis was conducted in triangulation (combination). The results of the study showed that the maintenance of the diesel engine cooling system on the MT. Princess Naomi belongs to PT. Waruna Nusa Sentana has been running optimally with an average after optimization treatment of 83.75%. The cooling system on the main engine of the MT. Princess Naomi applied a closed cooling system. Parts of the cooling system treated include: expansion tank, centrifugal pump, fresh water cooler, sea chest
Copyright (c) 2025 Waris Wibowo, Ningrum Astriawati, Angga Primagani
THE ANALYSIS OF ELVIRA EV-1 CHASSIS MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE WITH VARIOUS BEAM CROSS-SECTION
Elvira EV-1, as an electric vehicle (EVs) has become one of the latest developments that contributes to achieving sustainable and reliable transportation. These EVs were built to serve as a relevant solution for campus operational mobility. However, at the core of its framework system, Elvira EV-1 still uses a ladder-type chassis, which is inferior to other types of chassis in terms of torsional rigidity. Therefore, to enhance its mechanical performance, this study determined the best option of beam cross-section for the Elvira EV-1 chassis. There were three types of the selected beam section, namely rectangular, I-beam, and C-channel. The mechanical performance of each type of chassis was examined using the Frame Analysis module provided by Autodesk Inventor. The results show that the rectangular chassis experienced the highest bending stress of the other types of chassis due to its low moment of inertia, which is almost 26.27% higher. Nonetheless, with the same setup, the shear stress that occurred at the C-channel type of chassis was greater than its material. The chassis would fail under the load subjected to it. Similarly, I-beam chassis has the maximum torsional stress greater than the yield strength of the material due to low torsional rigidity. In addition, the mass of the chassis with rectangular section provided a more lightweight structure, about 36,92% lower than the other type of chassis. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the chassis with a rectangular section has promising performance to be an option as the Elvira EV-1 chassis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Sari Wijianti, Agus Sarwono, Jeri Ariksa, Saparin Saparin; Adam Zuyyinal Adib