p-ISSN 2354-7316 (Media Print) e-ISSN 2620-7737 (Media Online) PROMINE is a scientific periodical publication of Department of Mining Engineering, University of Bangka Belitung, which is published every June and December in a year which covers the fields of Exploration (Geology and Geophysics), Geotechnical / Geomechanics, Minerba Processing, Mining Environment, Reclamation and Post-Mining. PROMINE has become a journal accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education based on Number SK 36/E/KPT/2019 about the Results of Scientific Journal Accreditation in Period VII of 2019 . Defined as an accredited scientific journal ranked 4. Accreditation is valid for 5 (five) years of Vol. 5 No.2, 2018 until Vol. 10 No.1, 2023.
Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknik, Universitas Bangka Belitung
Analysis of Factors Causing Work Accidents in the Mining Industry (Case Study of Smelter Furnace Explosion at PT ITSS in PT IMIP)
At that time the melting incident occurred at PT Indonesia Thingshan Stainless Steel (ITSS) at around 17.30 WITA, involving 18 people, consisting of 10 Indonesian employees and 8 foreign employees. From this explosion, 33 other employees also experienced dizziness. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors causing work accidents in the mining industry in this case is to describe the incident that occurred at PT ITSS which is located in PT IMIP. This study used the literature review method, with data from Google Scholar using HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control) analysis. The results of the study showed that of the five factors that most influenced the work accidents that occurred at PT ITSS which is located in PT IMIP were man factors and environmental factors where there was negligence in the use of PPE that did not meet standards so that several people died and foreign workers were found who did not comply with the contract and could not speak Indonesian at all had violated work procedures, communication difficulties, these violations can complicate work coordination. This causes operations not to comply with the protocol, which leads to work accidents.
Copyright (c) 2025 PROMINE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Work Synchronization of Loading Equipment and Transport Equipment at PT Modern Widyatehnical Kampung Wiraskadistrict Wanggar Nabire Regency-Central Papua Province
PT Modern Widya Tehnical is a construction company in the mining sector engaged in material transportation materials from industrial excavation materials. Mechanical tools in the form of digging tools and transport tools on the reservoir. The current problem shows that the CAT 320 D excavator excavator often waits for the Mithsubishi HD125 PS dump truck to be loaded. The research method was carried out by observing the history of excavating equipment and transportation equipment that were operated and adjusted to the production target. The results of the study obtained the need to add 1 unit of Mitsubishi HD 125 PS dump truck transport equipment so that the efficiency of loading equipment increased from 72.86% to 84%, the difference in increasing the efficiency of loading equipment to 11.14%. This also had an impact on increasing the production of loading equipment by 11.63 m3/hour from 69.75 to 81.38 m3/hour.
Digging equipment, loading equipment, match factor, production.
Study of Lineament and Tectonic Structure in the Tanjung Kurung Area, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu
Identification and interpretation of landscape lineaments and measurements of geological structural components in rock outcrops have been carried out in order to reveal the development of rock sequence deformation in the study area. This research was conducted in Tanjung Kurung Village and its surroundings. The regional observation area is included in the Manna Enggano Sheet Geological Map (Amin, T, C. et al, 1993), while tectonically it is located in the Bengkulu basin which previous researchers categorized as a fore-arc basin (Sapiie et al ., 2015). This study uses two approaches, namely lineament analysis with national digital elevation model (DEMNas) image interpretation and surface geological mapping with observation of rock outcrops or structures. The DEMNas image used in this research has been accessed from https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id/portal-web which is owned by the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The geological structure of the Bengkulu Basin is divided into two general directions, namely the North-West-Southeast and North-East-Southwest directions. Structures that trend northwest-southeast are the Tanjung Sakti fault and the Ketaun fault. These faults are directly related to the Semangko Fault pattern and the Mentawai Fault pattern (Yulihanto et al., 1995).
Open Mining Dataset Modeling at PT. United Tractors Semen Gresik with Artificial Neural Network Method
The Mining industry in Indonesia plays a vital role as a source of state income and an integral part of the industrial progress of the nation. The majority of the mining industry in Indonesia employs open-pit mining. One of the weather factors that can be an obstacle in open-pit mining is rainfall. Therefore, this research focused on modelling data from rainfall, working hours and production outcomes. It applied the Artificial Neural Network algorithm with an input layer consisting of two neurons, a hidden layer with two neurons, and an output layer. The data on Rainfall working hours, and production results were trained to produce a model that, later on, will be used to predict the value of production results. For model testing, this study uses two parameters, namely learning rate and epoch. From 90 times of testing, the best model was obtained with a learning rate value of 0.3 and an epoch of 1000 which resulted in an RMSE error of 0.004838259401280330
Study of Limestone Diagenesis for Meluhu Formation, at Toronipa, Soropia District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
The research area is administratively located at Toronipa, Soropia District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of limestone, the diagenes process and the environment of limestone diagenesis in the Meluhu Formation. The method used in this research is the petrographic method. The results showed that the types of limestone in the study area were wackestone and packstone which had undergone a diagenesis process in the form of cementation, microbial micritization, neomorphism, and dissolution. The limestone diagenesis environment in the Meluhu Formation originates from the marine phreatic, meteoric phereatic, and meteoric vadose diagenesis environments.
Limestone, diagenesis process, diagenesis environment, Meluhu Formation, Toronipa.
Modelling and Estimation of Coal Resources Using Circular Method in Beringin Makmur II Area, North Musi Rawas Regency
The Muaraenim Formation is a coal-bearing formation located in the South Sumatra Basin. The research location is in the Beringin Makmur 2 area, North Musi Rawas Regency, which is included in the Airbenakat and Muaraenim Formations. The aim of this research is to do 2-dimensional and/or 3-dimensional modeling in the research area to determine the feasibility of the mining process. The feasibility test of a coal seam body will be used as a study for the next stage, namely resource estimation. The method for calculating coal resources is the USG circularS method based on drill log data. The following data is needed, such as drilling data for 64 drill points, regional geological data and survey data at the research location or mining business permit (IUP) location. Then an analysis will be carried out so that 3D subsurface modeling and calculation of coal resources can be continued. Based on the research results, it was found that there were 3 coal seams with updip in the north direction and downdip in the south direction N1800E - N1820E. In the research area, synclines were found that affected the distribution of coal. Interpretation of the 3D model is obtained from the correlation between drilling data and survey data. The results of the calculation using the USGS circular method, the estimated tonnage of inferred resources is 91,840,000 tons, indicated resources are 55,330,000 tons, measured resources are 235,870,000 tons so that the overall estimate of the coal seams is 383,040,000 million tons/ton.
Kata kunci: Batubara, Metode Circular, Pemodelan, Estimasi.
Analisis Kualitas Batubara Bonto Matinggi Sulawesi Selatan Untuk Kebutuhan Industri Semen
Coal in Indonesia is widely used for both export and domestic industrial needs. Domestically, it is widely used for the textile industry, power plants, and the cement industry. Coal consumption for the cement industry in Indonesia in 2022 is up to 15 million tons. In the cement industry, coal is used as a basic material for fuel in kilns. For its utilization, coal needs to know its properties. These properties can be known by proximate analysis, sulfur content analysis and calorific value. Therefore, this research aims to find out and determine whether the quality of Bonto Matinggi coal is in accordance with the coal specifications needed in the cement industry. The research method was carried out by taking two coal samples directly in the research area, namely SA I coal sample and SA II coal sample. The coal samples were then prepared and further analyzed. Analysis of coal sample quality was carried out by proximate, sulfur and calorie analysis methods. The results of proximate analysis show that the moisture content in air dried both samples have a value that is not too significant with an average value of 6.29% adb; ash content of 19.99% adb; volatile matter of 46.79% adb and fixed carbon of 39.86% adb as well as sulfur content of 0.39% adb and calories with an average of 4,692.92 cal/g. The coal in the study area does not qualify as a basic material for fuel in kilns in the cement industry. The coal in the study area, if classified according to the Classification of in Seam Coal 1998, is classified as low grade coal (according to ash content) and the coal rank includes bituminous rank (medium rank).
Batubara, kualitas, industri semen, Sulawesi Selatan
Potential Of Rare-Earth Metals Toboali Region South Bangka
The Bangka Belitung Islands are an area traversed by the tin belt of Southeast Asia. This tin belt carries tin-bearing minerals and is associated with rare earth metals (LTJ). Toboali is a sub-district in South Bangka Regency. The exploration phase carried out by PT Timah made it possible to identify rare earth elements at the same time. Samples were taken using a sonic drilling machine to a depth of 5 meters. Every 1 meter 1 sample is taken which is put into a transparent plastic and labeled. There were 100 samples tested in the laboratory using X-RD (X-ray Diffraction), XRF, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). From the results of observations and laboratory analysis, it is known that there are 5 LTJ elements that are most dominantly found in each sample, namely Serium (Ce) an average of 61.92 ppm, Yttrium (Y) an average of 34.6 ppm, Lanthanum (La) an average of 27.55 ppm, Neodymium (Nd) an average of 27.55 and Samarium (Sm) an average of 2.82. Sampling or exploration using a sonic drilling machine needs to be evaluated to get a better level of sample and data accuracy
Effect of Sandstone Compressive Strength Value on Differences in Physical Conditions in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province
Rock strength is the ability of a rock to maintain its strength until it breaks when given force. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison of rock strength values in different physical conditions, namely natural, saturated, dry conditions and 2 wet-dry cycles on sandstones by testing uniaxial compressive strength according to SNI standards 2825-2008. The results of compressive strength testing at two different locations showed that the condition of the rocks around the Samarinda region was weak to moderate, with strength values at location 1 ranging from 1.61 – 14.31 MPa and at location 2 ranging from 8.26 – 36.27 MPa. The Elastic Modulus obtained at location 1 ranges from 1.88 -18.60 and at location 2 it ranges from 8.26 – 37.928. The more to the West from the city of Samarinda, the strength of the rocks is increasing. With the treatment of rocks that undergo repeated wet-dry processes, it does not cause a decrease in rock strength compared to the condition of rocks undergoing saturation. This is because the amount of water content that is large enough in saturated conditions results in weakening of the rock. The lower the water content, the stronger a rock.
An Investigation Of Groundwater Condition By Geoelectrical Resistivity Method: A case study in Bengalon, East Kutai, East Kalimantan Province
Bengalon is located in East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Bengalon is included in the Samarinda-Bontang groundwater basin. The development of agricultural and industrial areas, followed by an increase in residential areas, will cause an increase in the water demand. This study aims to determine the groundwater potential of alluvial areas using the resistivity geoelectric method. The resistivity survey resulted in subsurface lithology, shallow groundwater conditions in the form of depth, thickness, and location of the aquifer as well as the type of groundwater quality. There are 10 locations for geoelectric data collection using the 2D geoelectric method. The results showed that the majority of the aquifers were alluvial deposits consisting of sand and sandy clay. The resistance indicating groundwater is 1 - 4 Ω m, at a depth of 10 – 50 m with a thickness varying from 10 – 20 m which has been dominated by sand. The presence of sea water intrusion in aquifers causes the quality of groundwater to tend to be brackish because the research location is in a swamp area bordering the coast.
Groundwater, geoelectric, alluvial, Bengalon
Geographical Information System (GIS) Application for Regional Zoning Mining in Madiun Regency Using Spatial Database
Madiun Regency is an area that has abundant natural resource potential, one of which is the mining sector. The existing potential is dominated by rock commodities. The potential of rock mining materials, namely; trass, andesite, clay, and backfill. It is necessary to zoning mining areas to optimize the management and utilization of potential resources. Mining area zoning takes into account various land use parameters. The patch method is used as a reference for the weighting and assessment of each parameter using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Zoning can be grouped into Permitted Zones, Conditional Permitted Zones, and Non-permitted Zones. The parameters determining the zoning consist of the distribution of land use based on existing ones as well as spatial and regional planning plans. The results of the identification of potential resources are carried out by analyzing geological maps and obtaining potential resources, among others; sand, sandstone, andesite, trass, clay, and backfill. The results of the zoning of the Madiun Regency mining area are; the area of ​​the zone that can be granted a permit is 37,114.95 ha, the area of ​​the zone that can be granted a conditional permit is 1,090,05 ha, and the area of ​​the zone that cannot be granted a permit is 72,310.35 ha. The results of the zoning of mining areas in the Madiun Regency can be used for consideration of mining land clearing plans based on integrated data.
Potential of Mining Materials, Geographical Information Systems, Zoning of Mining Areas
Fluida Inclusions Characteristics Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposits Brambang Lombok Island, Indonesia
The type of gold deposit in the research area in Brambang Village, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara can be interpreted from several things, including fluid inclusions.This type of gold deposit is very important to know related to the potential gold deposits in this area. The lithology unit in the Brambang area can be divided into several lithological units considering their lithological dominance: lapilli tuff, diorite, tonalite and diatreme breccia. There are three types of veins observed where there are the fluid inclusions samples are taken, namely vein types A, B and C from the vein zone in tonalite rocks. The results of salinity measurements show two temperature groups that can be adjusted with vein type A-B for a temperature of ~550 oC and vein type C for a temperature of ~250 oC, these temperature magnitudes indicate the type of porphyry mineralization associated with base metals.
Productivity Study of Tools for Optimizing Overburden Production Results at PT. Karebet Mas Indonesia Site Kutai Energi East Kalimantan
Overburden and coal mining must go hand in hand and in line, because high overburden productivity will affect coal production results. This study aims to calculate, analyze productivity and determine recommendations for increasing production. This research uses a combined research method and a mathematical pattern. The company has a productivity target of 220.5 m3/hour, with the actual conditions obtained for digging and loading equipment that has reached the target of 279.9238 BCM/hour, but the transportation equipment has not reached the target of 80.9048 LCM/hour. There are various factors that have not achieved the production target, among others, low work efficiency, quite long transportation and return times during transportation equipment circulation times, as well as mismatched compatibility factors that cause long waiting times for transportation equipment. After optimization with the addition of 1 unit of excavator with the same type, optimization of the transportation equipment cycle time and optimization of the work efficiency of the transportation equipment, an increase in productivity was obtained in each conveyance, so that after optimizing the productivity target of transportation equipment was achieved by 222 ,4045 LCM/Hour.
Cycle time, work efficiency, match factor, productivity
Analysis of The Distribution of TSS, TDS, pH And Temperature In The River Due to People's Alluvial Gold Mining With SGEMS In Desa Sungai Kapas, Merangin, Jambi
Kegiatan penambangan emas secara tradisional dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Desa Sungai Kapas, Kabupaten Merangin, Jambi menyisakan lubang- lubang dan kolam akibat aktivitas penambangan emas. Aktivitas penambangan emas dilakukan disekitar aliran Sungai Blengo yang ada di Desa Sungai Kapas. Sisa air limbah penambangan dialirkan secara langsung ke sungai sehingga menyebabkan kekeruhan pada air Sungai Blengo. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui kadar pencemaran yang terjadi di Sungai Blengo dengan parameter; TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid), pH, dan Suhu. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa nilai TSS pada setiap sampel stasiun penelitian memiliki nilai melebihi ambang batas maksimal, nilai yang memenuhi nilai maksimal ambang batas adalah 200 mg/L pada stasiun 8 (delapan), pada stasiun lainnya nilai TSS melebihi 200 mg/L dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6.400 mg/L pada stasiun 7 (tujuh). Nilai pH pada staisun 3 (tiga) dan memiliki nilai 4,7 dengan demikian nilai tersebut tidak memenuhi standar sebesar 6-9. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa air Sungai Blengo tidak layak. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak memenuhinya syarat-syarat yang ada pada peraturan yang berlaku untuk penambangan serta pengolahan emas.
Study of Post-Mining Slope Stability Based on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soil, Case Study : Mataraman District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan)
Post-mining slopes have the potential for landslides caused by factors such as slope geometry, rock structure, physical and mechanical properties of rock and groundwater content. Post-mining slope monitoring must be carried out to avoid more environmental problems. This study aims to determine the stability of ex-mining slopes. The soil sample used form the Mataraman District, Banjar Regency. The analytical method of a technical study based on physical and mechanical properties of the soil with a mine slope design simulation using slide 6.0 software to determine the safety factor of ex-mining slopes from several variations of slope angles. The safety factor analysis was taken from the data of the smallest cohesion value and bulk weight to represent the strength of the slope material. Based on the analysis of the value of the physical and mechanical properties of the sample against the analysis of slope stability, it was found that the post-mining slope will be stable and safe if there are no additional factors that can reduce the stability of the slope. The mine slope still has a safety factor value of > 2 which means it is stable even though the slope angle has reached 70°.
Increased Added Value of Calcite Mineral Into Decorative Lighting Art Items
Abstract Increasing the added value of rock and minerals can provide benefits to the wider society. The policy conservation of minerals, which has a focus on optimizing benefits and minimizing negative impacts of mining activities. Framework of optimizing the benefits of minerals, there are efforts, maintenance, protection, mining and processing as well as increasing the added value og these minerals. Calcite mineral (CaCO3) a part of the carbonate mineral group as one of the main composition mineral of limestone. The utilization of this calcite mineral is reviewed based on the quality of the physical and chemical properties. In principle, this research utilize the physical properties of the mineral because the chemical quality is relative low. Trial and error method is used in this study to getting the right design of art. The processing is simple and doest not require high technology and certified skills, by utilizing the transparency, color, and gloss properties of the mineral calcite will become an art item that has added value when given lighting. Keywords: Calcite, Added Value, Art Items, Decorative Lighting
Calcite, Added Value, Art Items, Decorative light
Development of Mining Area Zonation in Magetan based on Geographic Information System application with overlay method
Magetan has resources mineral potential of non-metallic minerals and rocks. The mineral variety is a mineral which relates to the people livelihood because it necessary for infrastructure development. There is no mining area zoning until now and it can be used to optimize the management and utilization of potential resources. In Magetan, mining area zoning was carried out by giving weights and assessments to the determining parameters which was conducted by patch method and it utilized Geographic Information System. So, the result of mining area zoning could be grouped into three zones. They were a zone could be granted a mining permit, a zone could be granted a conditional mining permit and a zone could not be granted a mining permit. Determining parameters for mining area zoning were land height, disaster vulnerability, groundwater, river borders, lakes and irrigation buildings, springs, forests and protected areas, agricultural land and cultivation areas, settlements, cultural heritage, tourism and district strategic areas, and land slope. The result of potential resources identification was carried out by analyzing Magetan geological map which was obtained potential resources, like andesite, pumice breccia, sandstone, siltstone and basalt. The zoning of Magetan mining area is a zone could bne granted a mining permit and the area was 9,914.507 Ha or about 14% in a percentage of the area, a zone could be granted a conditional mining permit covering an area of 20,748.29 Ha or about 30% and a zone unable to be granted a mining permit covering an area of 39,296.08 Ha or about 56% of the total area of Magetan.
Mining Zone Zoning, Magetan, GIS, Weighting, Assessment
The Effect of Discontinuity on Stability of Displaced Rock Slope Case Study Andesite Quarry PT Lola Laut Timur Bogor Regency
Discontinuity in a rock mass has an influence on the stability of a rock slope because it is one of the controlling factors of slope failure. In this study, an analysis was carried out on the role of discontinuities, namely joints and lithic tuff layers on slope stability and the effect of persistent parameters and joint roughness on the safety factor of safety factor. The analysis used is the effect of changes in the thickness of the lithic tuff, persistence and the value of joint roughness on the value of the safety factor. Processing of slope stability data using Rocscience RS2 Software with Finite Element Method modeling with rock mass modeling used in the analysis, namely the Veneziano Model. The results showed that an increase in the thickness of the lithic tuff layer resulted in a decrease in the safety factor of the slope up to 1.37%. The effect of the persistence parameter on the slope safety factor was found that the higher the persistence value, the lower the slope safety factor value up to 2,9% and changes in the JRC value decreased the safety factor value up to 1,7%.
discontinuity, persistent, intrusion, roughness, safety factor
Investigasi kondisi airtanah dengan geolistrik: studi kasus endapan aluvial di Bengalon Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Indonesia
groundwater, geoelectric, alluvial, bengalon
Geologi, Karakteristik Alterasi Hidrotermal dan Mineralisasi Bijih pada Pit Purnama Martabe, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
High demands of metal such as gold, silver, and copper, also their limited occurances causing an understanding of geological conditions, alteration and ore mineralization characteristics are needed for a sustainable exploration. This study aims to elucidate geological conditions, characteristics and the distribution of alteration zones and ores mineralization in Purnama Martabe Pit based on geological mapping, drill cores logging and sampling. Selected samples were analysed by XRF (X-Ray Fluorescenes), ASD (Analytical Spectral Devices), petrography, and mineragraphy analysis. Lithological units at the study area consist of andesite lava unit, diorite intrusion dome and polymictic phreatomagmatic breccia units. Based on ASD analysis, alteration zones in the study area are vuggy-massive silica, silica+dickite±alunite, illite+smectite, and smectite+chlorite. Based on mineragraphy and XRF, the mineralization occurred at the study area is composed of pyrite, enargite, hematite, goethite, and jarosite. Zonation and distribution of alteration and mineralization is predominantly controlled by the north east – south west structure in the form of quartz veins, north west – south east structure, and various porosities of the lithological units.
Epithermal, mineralisasi, alterasi, martabe
Pemetaan Sebaran Kadar Besi Pada Endapan Laterit Nikel Menggunakan Metode Interpolasi Indikator Kriging dan Ordinary Kriging
Beside containing nickel (Ni), nickel laterite deposits also contain other elements, including iron (Fe) which have varying levels in each layer. In this study, the distribution of Fe content in the limonite layers was carried out using the indicator kriging method to analyze the probability distribution of iron levels and ordinary kriging to analyze the variability of iron levels spatially. Fitting the variogram was undertaken by using spherical, exponential and gaussian models. The selection of the best variogram model was carried out based on the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) value, while the estimation of resource potential was calculated by the polygon extended area method. The results of the interpolation show that the distribution of iron anomaly occupies ± 83,3% of the research area with a potential resource of ±64.522.110 ton of iron. The evaluation of the interpolation results base on the root mean square standardized prediction error (RMSP) indicates that the estimation results of iron content using the ordinary kriging method are underestimated.
Ordinary kriging, indicator kriging, RMSE, RMSP
Analisis Flyrock Untuk Mengurangi Radius Aman Alat Pada Peledakan Batuan Andesit Di Kecamatan Margaasih, Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Bandung regency known to have had to scatter material which be potential sources of revenue of them are material andesit mining sand and also .Research objectives is measuring the estimation of the distance the throw rocks due to maximum blasting , restudying in the determination of a radius of secure at blasting activities by counting the radius of safe to an instrument based on a theory that is compared with actual that had broken out and get constant k in signification fly rock according to alan b.richards and adrian j.moore to adjust to those of the rocks and stemming used .The research was done by counting the throw of maximum rock theoretically menutut alan b .Ricahrds and adrian j .Moore coupled with the observation actual fly rock in the field with the observation use video and the naked eye .Trial done by moving a radius of safe instrument less than 300 m. From the trial data, it is obtained that the maximum throw of the actual rock and the prediction with the theoretical calculation is in accordance with the recommendation of Adrian J. Moore and Alan B. Richard, so the radius to secure the tool is at least 2 times that of the actual throw. With the provision of using stemming, the safe radius for blasting is reduced to 200 m.
Keywords: fly rock, safe radius, blasting
Profil Endapan Nikel Laterit di Kecamatan Tinanggea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
The research area is located in Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study aims to determine the profile of laterite nickel deposits in the study area. The research method used consists of literature study, field sampling and laboratory analysis and data interpretation. The results showed that the profiles of laterite nickel deposits in the study area consisted of top soil, limonite zone, saprolite zone and bedrock with different thicknesses. Top soil at Station 1 is very thin in the form of clay and plant remains, while at Station 2 it is a layer of sediment (limestone) with a thickness of 0-5 meters. Based on geochemical data, it shows that Ni, SiO and MgO elements /oxides show enrichment in the saprolite zone because have mobile so its dissolve easily during the laterization process and are transported the subsurface and experience leaching so that its are concentrated in the saprolite zone. The Fe element shows enrichment in the limonite zone because the Fe element has immobile so that it is not easily transported downward and is concentrated in the upper zone, namely the limonite zone.
nickel laterite, top soil, limonite, saprolite, mobile
Analisis Kebutuhan Airflow Budget Di Level Extraction Pada Tambang Bawah Tanah Di Area Deep Mill Level Zone (Dmlz) PT. Freeport Indonesia Timika Papua
Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) is a mining company that is an affiliate of Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX) and PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminum (Persero) (Inalum). As of 2019, the Government of Indonesia has taken over 51.23% of shares (41.23% Inalum, 10% Regional Government of Papua). The research methods used in this activity are observational and comparative methods. In analyzing the calculation factors of design budget criteria. The data obtained will be used to compare direct field observation data with monthly report data from the company and equalize it with the air standard for underground mine ventilation based on the Decree of the Minister of Mines and Energy No. 1827 K / 30 / MEM / 2018. Calculation of airflow budget for the equipment used In the calculation and processing of airflow budget data is the R1600 LHD loader, the results of the Utilization Factor for 1 year are obtained by regulation of the Government of PT. Freeport itself uses in accordance with the regulations, namely 0.067 multiplied by 208Kw from the R 1600 LHD tool, obtaining an average 0.302 Maximum 0.482 Minimum 0.033 With a total air supply into the DMLZ mine of 1338 m3 / s, this is very sufficient from the results of the total air demand based on the airflow buget design in accordance where is 1095.6 m3 / s. In underground mining, DMLZ is in accordance with the regulation of the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1827 K / 30 / MEM / 2018
Airflow budget, Availability of Use for equipment (Use of Availability, UA). KEPMEN Number 1827 K/ 30/ MEM/ 2018.
Optimalisasi Fragmentasi dengan Metode KUZ-RAM pada Penambangan Batu Andesit
The main activities at a mining site consist of stripping the overburden, unloading by blasting and surface mining, loading and transporting from the mining location to the crushing location. Blasting is an activity in mining that is carried out with the aim of dismantling the rock from its source rock into a predetermined size to facilitate further processes such as loading and crushing and a set production target. The less boulder, the better the resulting fragmentation because it will reduce the production costs for crushing the boulder to be smaller. This research focuses on blasting geometry planning as a parameter that is considered important in changing the size of the blasting rock fragmentation. The andesite blasting activity at the Batujajar 1 mine still found a fairly large percentage of rock blocks. Based on field observations, rock blocks resulting from blasting activities in the Batujajar 1 quarry are as follows: burden (B) 2.4 m, space (S) 3.1 m, stemming (T) 1.8 m, subdrilling (J ) 0 m, height (L) 6 m, into the blast hole (H) 6 m, column of explosives (Pc) 4.2 m, explosive material as much as 11.07 kg / hole. The drilling pattern applied is a staggered pattern and corner cut blasting pattern which is blasted in a row for each line with a delay time of 25 ms. The proposed geometry is calculated by calculating RL Ash 1963. With the theoretically proposed blasting geometry the results of rock chunks measuring> 80 cm according to RL Ash 1963 are 0.18%, then selected with the 1963 RL Ash theory, the results of rock fragmentation sizes are> 80 cm is 0.18%, this amount is better than the actual rock fragmentation which is still 9.11%, with the reduced number of boulders it is expected that production activities will run better.
blasting, drilling, geometry, fragmentation, production
Analisis Geometri Jalan Angkut Tambang Pada Aktivitas Pertambangan Batubara di PT. Haswi Kencana Indah, Kabupaten Tebo, Provinsi Jambi.
The coal transportation process is carried out from the mining site to the stockpile as far as ± 40 km so that the coal haul road has an important role in supporting the productivity of coal transportation activities at PT Haswi Kencana Indah. The coal transportation production plan is 32,929.0833 tons / month, but the actual condition of coal transportation is 25,000 tons / month so that the production target is not achieved. The purpose of this research is to improve the geometry of the haul roads of PT Haswi Kencana Indah. The method used in this research is observation and data analysis with calculations. The road width conditions that do not meet the standards are the actual straight road widths for the D-E, F-G, I-J and K-L segments, while the curved road widths are the C-D, E-F and H-I segments. The improvements made were changes in the width of the straight road to 8.75 meters, at a bend of 15.706 m, making a cross slope of 35 cm, making a super elevation with a height difference between the right and left sides of the road by 21 cm to 97.6 cm and carrying out road maintenance so that coal productivity increases.
Analisis Manajemen Operasional Alat Pemecah Batu Pada Unit Pengolahan Batu Andesit di PT Calvary Abadi Klaten Jawa Tengah
Calvary Abadi is located in Somopuro Village, Jogonalan District, Klaten Regency. Crushing activity in andesite stone crusher units consists of three stages, namely primary crushing (jaw crusher I), secondary crushing (jaw crusher II) and tertiary crushing (jaw crusher III). Currently the crushing plant is only capable of producing broken andesite stones of 166,939 tons / day with a size (10-20) mm of 54,243 tons / day, (20-30) mm of 7,924 tons / day and (5-10) mm of 34,771 ton / day. And the calculation of production in April and May 2016 resulted in an average production of only 1,335.504 tons / month. Based on production scheduling, the production target set is 250 tons / day or 2500 tons / month with the desired material size, namely (10-20) mm of 85.0 tons / day, (20-30) mm of 85 , 0 tons / day and (5-10) mm by 80.0 tons / day. To achieve the desired production target, it is necessary to have a good and correct tool maintenance management by always optimizing every scheduled maintenance systematics. Systematics maintenance of the first tool is preventive maintenance. PT. Calvary Abadi is carried out by applying three systematic procedures for maintenance, namely pre-maintenance, daily maintenance and periodic maintenance and emergency maintenance. The systematic review of maintenance on prevention based on the calculation of the unresolved preventive maintenance analytical method is 7.14%, so that it is still categorized as safe because less than 10% of the maximum inspection is not resolved. And corrective maintenance based on calculation analysis is said to be stable because it is more than 80%, ie the percentage of capability is 89.3%.
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Back Analysis of Slope Stability Disposal’s IPD (In Pit Dump) Utama Seam C in the South Pit B area PT. Mifa Bersaudara, Aceh
On the slopes of IPD Utama Seam C, the results of the data that have been validated through the SPT method approach show the results of FK = 4,388, this does not meet the requirements for back analysis. The results of the back analysis data show that the value of FK = 0.968 with changes in embankment material properties such as unit weight, friction angle, and cohesion which are very significant, this has a big influence on the slope safety factor, the biggest change is in the change in cohesion. The results of the evaluation data are based on entering the parameters of the back analysis using geometry after the landslide, and show the FK value = 1.018.
TIPE SEISMIK YANG MENGGAMBARKAN ADANYA PROSES TEKTONIK PADA SUATU FORMASI
Pada suatu formasi sering terjadi proses tektonik yang mengakibatkan terganggunya formasi tersebut, sehingga mengakibatkan kenaikan atau penurunan suatu cekungan. Pada daerah yang terjadi reaktif (terjadi proses tektonik pada cekungan yang stabil)biasanya ditandai oleh bentuk karakter seismic yang melengkung (seismic sag), dimana pada daerah tersebut mengalami proses tektonik yang mengakibatkan terganggunya lingkungan sekitar formasi tersebut. Akibat dari proses tektonik sering mengakibatkan terhalangnya hidrokarbon untuk ber migrasi, sehingga hidrokarbon terperangkap pada area tersebut. Suatu area dikatakan prospek mengandung hidrokarbon , bisa direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan pengeboran. Analisa seismik bisa mengidentifikasi anomali amplitudo pada lapisan tipis sekalipun. Analisa atribut seismik banyak dipakai untuk mengetahui karakter anomaly amplitudo atau karakterisasi sekuen, mengidentifikasi perubahan litologi atau pasir gas, membedakan lapisan yang concordant, hummocky, dan chaotic.
Regional Development Based on Unit of Regional Genetics in Pangalengan and surrounding areas, Bandung regency, West Java province
Unit of Area Genetics (SGW) as one of the methods in considering geological aspects for geologic area-based development. The geological condition as part of the natural movement in a particular condition makes it possible to predict its effect on the movement of an area in particular with regard to natural disasters. Pangalengan who has a million beautiful natural charm, especially from the point of pan-dang geology need it to be studied based on geological data. The charm is the presence of active volcanoes in the region such as Mount Malabar, Mount Wayang, Mount Windu and others. In addition, the morphology of Pangalengan is relatively well represented in the highlands, hills and mountain areas as part of Java's tectonic activity. Another evidence of such activity is the existence of fault lines in the Pan-galengan mountains of Southeast-Northwest. Pangalengan who has a million beautiful natural charm, especially from the point of pan-dang geology need it to be studied based on geological data. The charm is the presence of active volcanoes in the region such as Mount Malabar, Mount Wayang, Mount Windu and others. In addition, the morphology of Pangalengan is relatively well represented in the highlands, hills and mountain areas as part of Java's tectonic activity. Another evidence of such activity is the existence of fault lines in the Pan-galengan mountains of Southeast- Northwest.