Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid-Rich Fractions Of Citrus Maxima Peel Extract

Reh Malem br Karo; Putranto Manalu; Jhon Patar Sinurat

doi:10.33019/jstk.v2i2.1977

Reh Malem br Karo Universitas Prima Indonesia
Putranto Manalu 2Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Skip Street, Simpang Sikambing, Medan, Indonesia
Jhon Patar Sinurat Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institut Kesehatan Medistra, 38 Sudirman Street, Lubuk Pakam, Deli Sedang Regency, Medan, 20512, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33019/jstk.v2i2.1977

Abstract

Natural products can be used as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases such as infectious diseases due to the bioactive compounds contained therein. Moreover nowdays, there are many antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases. Citrus maxima is one of the natural products. Citrus maxima have been used for many diseases in traditional medicine.The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of flavonoid-rich fractions of citrus maxima peel extract. The bioactive compounds contained in Citrus maxima peel were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water and ethyl acetate obtained ethyl acetate fraction. In this fraction, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity testing for ethyl acetate fraction against S.aureus and E.coli was determined by disk diffusion method with concentration of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The ciprofloxacin and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate fraction ( flavonoid-rich fractions) Of Citrus Maxima has potential as antibacterial for bacterial S.aureus and E.coli with medium inhibitory ability in all of concentration ranges. The highest inhibition zone for S.aureus was found at a concentration of 100 ppm while for E.coli was at a concentration of 75 ppm.

Keywords: Ethyl acetate fraction, Antibacterial activity,Phytochemical screening, flavonoids

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abirami, A., Nagarani, G., & Siddhuraju, P., 2013. Antimicrobial activity of crude extract of Citrus hystrix and Citrus maxima. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 4, 1–5.

Akroum, S., Bendjeddou, D., Satta, D., & Lalaoui, K., 2010. Antibacterial, antioxidant and acute toxicity tests on flavonoids extracted from some medicinal plants. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 4(3), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.69174

Arokiyaraj, S., Bharanidharan, R., Agastian, P., & Shin, H., 2018. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial mechanism of action from Marsilea minuta leaf hexane: Methanol extract. Chemistry Central Journal, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-018-0476-4

Bereksi, M. S., Hassaïne, H., Bekhechi, C., & Abdelouahid, D. E., 2018. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants extracts commonly used in algerian traditional medicine against some pathogenic bacteria. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(3), 507–512. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2018.3.83

Davis, W. W., & Stout, T. R., 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay: II. Novel Procedure Offering Improved Accuracy 1. Applied Microbiology, 22(4), 666.

Essawi, T., & Srour, M., 2000. Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70(3), 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00187-7

Gupta, A., Sheth, N. R., Pandey, S., Yadav, J. S., & Joshi, S. V., 2015. Screening of flavonoids rich fractions of three Indian medicinal plants used for the management of liver diseases. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 25(5), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.010

Hasim, Andrianto, D., Islamiati, W., Wahdah Ham, A. F., & Nur Farida, D., 2018. Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Yeast Rice and its Fractionation Products. Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 12(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjphyto.2018.52.59

He, M., Wu, T., Pan, S., & Xu, X. (2014). Applied Surface Science Antimicrobial mechanism of flavonoids against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by model membrane study. Applied Surface Science, 305, 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.03.125

Kalidhar, U., & Kaur, A., 2013. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical , Biological and Chemical Sciences REVIEW ARTICLE. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2(1), 1091–1106.

Kumar, S., Jyotirmayee, K., & Sarangi, M., 2013. Thin layer chromatography: a tool of biotechnology for isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 18(1), 126–132.

Levy, S. B., & Bonnie, M., 2004. Antibacterial resistance worldwide: Causes, challenges and responses. Nature Medicine, 10(12S), S122–S129. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1145

Lim, T. Y., Lim, Y. Y., & Yule, C. M., 2009. Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-tyrosinase activities of four Macaranga species. Food Chemistry, 114(2), 594–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.093

Mustarichie, R., Runadi, D., & Ramdhani, D., 2017. The antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from mistletoe tea (Scurrula atropurpurea BL. dans). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(2), 343–347. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v10i2.15724

Rojas, A., Hernandez, L., Pereda-Miranda, R., & Mata, R., 1992. Screening for antimicrobial activity of crude drug extracts and pure natural products from Mexican medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 35(3), 275–283.

Singh, R., Singh, S., Kumar, S., & Arora, S., 2007. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(7), 1216–1223.

Subramaniam, G., Yew, X. Y., & Sivasamugham, L. A., 2020. Antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus against clinically important bacteria. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 34(May), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2020.05.010

Thielen, M., Schmitt, C. N. Z., Eckert, S., Speck, T., & Seidel, R., 2013. Structure–function relationship of the foam-like pomelo peel (Citrus maxima)—an inspiration for the development of biomimetic damping materials with high energy dissipation. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 8(2), 25001.

Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Mandeep, K., Kaur, G., & Kaur, H., 2011. Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), 98–106.

Verma, S., & Singh, S. P., 2008. Current and future status of herbal medicines. Veterinary World, 1(11), 347.

Wijaya, Y. A., Widyadinata, D., Irawaty, W., & Ayucitra, A., 2017. Fractionation Of Phenolic Compounds From Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Peel Extract And Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity. Reaktor, 17(3), 111. https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.3.111-117

Wright, C. W., 2005. Plant derived antimalarial agents: new leads and challenges. Phytochemistry Reviews, 4(1), 55–61.

Zaidan, M. R., Noor Rain, A., Badrul, A. R., Adlin, A., Norazah, A., & Zakiah, I., 2005. In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. Trop Biomed, 22(2), 165–170.

Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A., Guler, G. O., Cakmak, Y. S., & Yildiztugay, E., 2011. Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Extract and Fatty Acid Composition of Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz. Records of Natural Products, 5(2).