Comparative Distribution Analysis of Hard Coral Recruitment in Coral Transplantation on Putri Island and Panjang Island, Bangka Belitung Islands Province

Abstract

Coral reefs, as part of coastal and marine ecosystems, are vulnerable to disturbances. Coral reef degradation is generally caused by two main factors: natural factors and anthropogenic factors. Given the importance of coral reef ecosystems for the surrounding organisms, it is necessary to carry out restoration efforts or rehabilitation programs for coral reef. PT TIMAH Tbk, as a tin mining company, has implemented environmental restoration programs to rehabilitate damaged areas. One such program is the submersion of coral transplants around Putri Island and Panjang Island. The number of coral recruitment individuals identified by genus was 74 individuals on Putri Island and 43 individuals on Panjang Island. The diversity index (H’) on Putri Island averaged 1.459, while on Panjang Island it averaged 1.594; both are categorized as moderate. The evenness index (E) averaged 0.664 on Putri Island and 0.766 on Panjang Island, both falling into the stable category. The dominance index (C) on Putri Island averaged 0.318, which is categorized as moderate, indicating that a few genera, such as Favia and Goniastrea, are dominant. In contrast, the dominance index on Panjang Island averaged 0.252, categorized as low, suggesting no genus dominates in that area.