Isolasi dan Kelimpahan Cendawan dan Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat pada Pengomposan Serbuk Gergaji dan Sekam Bakar dengan Jenis Kotoran Ternak yang Berbeda
Abstract
Kompos terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Salah satu faktor dari kompos yang memberikan pengaruh adalah aktivitas mikroba dalam melarutkan fosfat di tanah. Bahan organik yang berbeda dalam pembuatan kompos akan menyebabkan aktivitas dan jenis mikroba yang berbeda juga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kelimpahan cendawan pada berbagai jenis kompos campuran kotoran ternak dan jenis cendawan sebagai pelarut fosfat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan perlakuan pengomposan serbuk gergaji, sekam bakar, kotoran ternak (perbandingan massa 7:1:2), yaitu kotoran sapi, kotoran kambing dan kotoran ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan kompos kotoran kambing memiliki kelimpahan cendawan tertinggi dalam periode waktu, diikuti oleh kompos kotoran sapi dan ayam secara berturut-turut. Jumlah genus atau spesies cendawan pelarut fosfat paling variatif berasal dari kompos kotoran sapi, diikuti kotoran kambing dan kotoran ayam secara berturut-turut. Jumlah populasi cendawan dalam kompos berkisar 104 cfu.gram-1 tanah yang didominasi oleh genus Aspergillus. Cendawan pelarut fosfat pada kompos kotoran ternak adalah genus Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Fusarium.
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References
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Awasthi, M.K., Pandey, A.K., Bundela, P.S., & Khan, J. 2015. Co-composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste mixed with different bulking wate : Characterization of physicochemical parameters and microbial enzymatic dynamic. J.biortech, 182, 200-207.
Bashir, S., Gulshan, A.B., Iqbal, J., Husain, A., Alwahibi, M.S., Alkahtani, J., Dwiningsih, Y., Bakhsh, A., Khan, M.J., Ibrahim, M., & Diao, Z.H. 2021. Comparative role of animal manure and vegetable waste induced compost for polluted soil restoration and maize growth. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 2534-2539.
Cao, R., Wang, J., Ben, W., & Qiang, Z. 2020. Chemosphere 250 (2020) 126181, 1-8
Duan, H., Ji, M., Chen, A., Zhang, B. Shi, J., Liu, L., & Sun, J. 2021. Evaluating the impact of rice husk on successions of bacterial and fungal communities during cow manure composting. J. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24 (102084), 1-15.
Firmansyah, M.A. 2010. Teknik Pembuatan Kompos. Seminar Pelatihan Petani Plasma Kelapa Sawit, Kabupaten Sukamara, Kalimantan Tengah. 1 – 19.
Greff, B., Szigeti, J., Nagy, A., Lakatos, E., & Varga, L. 2022. Influence of microbial inoculants on co-composting of lignocellulosic crop residues with farm animal manure: A Review. Journal of Environmental Management, 302 (114088), 1-14.
Gu, W., Lu, Y., Tan, Z., Xu, P., Xie, K., Li, X., & Sun, L. 2017. Fungi diversity from different depths and times in chicken manure waste static aerobic composting. J. Bioresource Technology, 239, 447-453.
He, Y., Liu, D., He, X., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Shi, X., Chater, C.C.C., & Yu, F. 2022. Characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities and their impact during cow manure and agroforestry biowaste co-composting. Journal of Environmental Management, 324 (15), 2022
Hutagaol, D., Hasrizart, I., & Sofian, A. 2017. Aplikasi cendawan pelarut fosfat indigenous tanah sawah meningkatkan ketersediaan dan serapan P padi sawah. J. Agron. Indonesia, 45 (1), 9-13.
Jamshidi, R., Jalili, B., Bahmanyar, M.A., & Salek-Gilani, S. 2016. Isolation and identification of a phosphate solubilizing fungus from soil of a phosphate mine in Chaluse, iran. Mycology, 7 (3), 134-142.
Jena, S.K. & Rath, C.C. 2014. Effect of enviromental and nutritional conditions on phosphatase activity of Aspergillus awamori. Current Research in Enviromental & Applied Mycology, 4(1), 45-56.
Krismawati A. & Hardini, D. 2014. Kajian Beberapa Dekomposer Terhadap Kecepatan Dekomposisi Sampah Rumah Tangga. Buana Sains, 14(2), 79 – 89.
Kurnia, V.C., Sumiyati, S., & Samudro, G. 2017. Pengaruh kadar air terhadap hasil pengomposan sampah organik dengan metode open windrow. J. Teknik Mesin (JTM), 6(edisi spesial), 119-123.
Kutu, F.R., Mokase, T.J., Dada, O.A., & Rhode, O.H.J. 2019. Assessing microbial populatian dynamics, enzyme activities and phosphorus availability indices juring phospho-compost production. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8(1), 87–97.
Luqman, A. & Warmadewanthi, I.D.A.A. 2013. Optimisasi Proses Pengomposan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Fluktuasi Mikroorganisme. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen Teknologi XVIII, Surabaya.
Morales, A., Alvear, M., Valenzuela, E., Castillo, C.E., & Borie, F. 2011. Screening, evaluation and selection of phosphate-solubilizing fungi as potential biofertilizer. J. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 11(4), 89-103.
Noreen, N., Ramzan, N., Perveen, Z., & Shahzad, S. 2019. A comparative study of cow dung compost, goat pellets, poultry waste manure and plant debris for thermophilic, thermotolerant and mesophilic microflora with some new reports from Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot, 51(3), 1-5.
Ogbo, F.C. 2010. Conversion of cassava wastes for biofertilizer production using phosphate solubilizing fungi. J. Bioresource Technology, 101, 4120–4124.
Panggabean, N., Sabrina, T., & Kemala S.L. 2016. Populasi Bakteri Tanah pada Piringan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Akibat Pemberian Pupuk NPK Komplit. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 4(3), 2069 – 2076.
Ruangcharus, C., Kim, S.U., Yoo, G.Y., Choi, E.J., Kumar, S., Kang, N., & Hong C.O. 2021. Nitrous oxide emission and sweet potato yield in upland soil: Effects of different type and application rate of composted animal manures. J. Environmental Pollution, 279(116892), 1-11.
Saraswati, R., Husen, E., & Simanungkalit, R.D.M. 2007. Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah. Bogor: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Tyas, D.E., Widyorini, N., & Solichin, A. 2018. Perbedaan jumlah bakteri pada kawasan bermangrove dan tidak bermangrove di perairan Desa Bedono, Demak. J. Maquares, 7(2), 189-196.
Villar, I., Alves, D., Garrido, J., & Mato, S. 2016. Evolution of microbial dynamics during the maturation phase of the composting of different types of waste. J. Wasman, 54, 83-92.
Wang, X., Wang, C., Sui, J., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Ji, C., Song, X., Hu, Y., Wang, C., Sa, R., Z, J., Du, J., & Liu, X. 2018. Isolation and characterization of phophofungii, and screening of their plant growth-promoting activities. AMB Expr. 8(63), 1-12.
Widawati, S. 2010. Aktivitas Enzim Pelarut Fosfat dan Efektivitas Mikroba Asal Wamena untuk Menunjang Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan pada Daerah Marginal. J. Tek. Ling,
11(3), 481 – 491.
Xie, G., Kong, X., Kang, J., Su, N., Fei, J., & Luo, G. 2021. Fungal community succcession contributes to product maturity during the co-composting of chicken manure and crop residues. Bioresource Technology, 328(124845), 1-9
Zhang, Y., Chen, F., Wu, X., Luan, F., Zhang, L., Fang, X., Wan, S., Hu, X., & Ye, J. 2018. Isolation and characterization of two phosphate-solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere of moso bamboo and their functional capacities when exposed to different phosphorus sources and pH enviroments. J. Pone, 1-14.
Published
2022-12-31
How to Cite
Ropalia, R., & Pratama, D. (2022). Isolasi dan Kelimpahan Cendawan dan Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat pada Pengomposan Serbuk Gergaji dan Sekam Bakar dengan Jenis Kotoran Ternak yang Berbeda. EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi Dan Mikrobiologi, 7(2), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v7i2.3730
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Articles
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