PENGARUH PEMECAH GELOMBANG AMBANG RENDAH (PEGAR) TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN PANTAI DI INDONESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/fropil.v12i1.7783Keywords:
PEGAR, Sand nourishment, Perlindungan pesisir berkelanjutan, Perubahan iklim, Pesisir IndonesiaAbstract
Pemecah gelombang ambang rendah (PEGAR) menjadi salah satu pendekatan perlindungan pesisir yang banyak dikaji karena kemampuannya dalam mereduksi energi gelombang, mendukung akresi sedimen, dan memperkuat efektivitas sand nourishment pada wilayah pesisir tropis. Artikel berbasis systematic literature review ini menganalisis dampak lingkungan PEGAR terhadap sand nourishment, khususnya pada pesisir tropis Indonesia dan wilayah sejenis, dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap dinamika garis pantai. Literatur yang dianalisis mencakup studi terbaru yang menggunakan observasi lapangan, pemodelan numerik, pengujian eksperimental, dan sintesis literatur. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa PEGAR dapat meningkatkan retensi sedimen dan mengurangi erosi apabila dirancang sesuai karakteristik hidrodinamika, morfologi pantai, dan suplai sedimen setempat. Efektivitas struktur ini masih menghadapi sejumlah keterbatasan, terutama ketidakseimbangan distribusi sedimen, keterbatasan data beresolusi tinggi, serta minimnya evaluasi ekologis jangka panjang. Integrasi PEGAR dengan restorasi mangroves dan pendekatan Hybrid Nature Based Solution (HNBS) memperlihatkan potensi yang lebih adaptif karena mampu meningkatkan pelemahan gelombang, stabilisasi sedimen, dan manfaat ekologis secara bersamaan. Variasi metodologi, keterbatasan integrasi aspek sosial-ekonomi, dan lemahnya keterkaitan dengan kebijakan pesisir menunjukkan adanya celah pengetahuan yang perlu ditangani. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan multidisipliner yang menghubungkan rekayasa pantai, ekologi, ilmu sosial, dan kebijakan publik untuk mendukung strategi perlindungan pesisir Indonesia yang berkelanjutan di tengah tekanan perubahan iklim.
References
Alaudin, Sujantoko, & Mustain, M. (2025). Impact of Sea Level Rise on the North Coast of Java, Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. E3S Web of Conferences, 674, 03004. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202567403004
Utomo, A. P., Haerani, J. O., Ferdian, R. N., Paradise, R., & Radianto, D. O. (2024). Pemaksimalan Fungsi Penanaman Mangrove di Daerah Rawan Abrasi Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara, 1(3), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.61722/jinu.v1i3.1502
Arifanti, V. B. (2020). Mangrove management and climate change: A review in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 487(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/487/1/012022
Atmaja, T., Yulianti, W., Arini, E. Y., Santoso, H., Setiawati, M. D., & Akita, N. (2025). Scaling Nature-Based Solutions (NbS): Lessons from Global Progress and Indonesia’s Path to Sustainability. Earth Systems and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00842-5
Candrayana, K. W., Sinarta, I. N., & Putu Eryani, I. G. A. (2023). Evaluasi Sistem Pengaman Pantai di Bali Selatan untuk Mengatasi Tantangan Perubahan Iklim. Jurnal Ilmiah MITSU (Media Informasi Teknik Sipil Universitas Wiraraja), 11(2), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.24929/ft.v11i2.2319
Chi, S., Zhang, C., & Zheng, J. (2023). Sandy shoreline recovery ability after breakwater removal. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1191386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1191386
Dm, S., Nurhabni, F. & Null, H. B. (2021). Lessons Learned From Low-Crested Breakwaters Installation in North Coast of Java. SCIREA Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 4(3), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.54647/hydraulic57026
Dong, W. S., Ismailluddin, A., Yun, L. S., Ariffin, E. H., Saengsupavanich, C., Abdul Maulud, K. N., Ramli, M. Z., Miskon, M. F., Jeofry, M. H., Mohamed, J., Mohd, F. A., Hamzah, S. B., & Yunus, K. (2024). The impact of climate change on coastal erosion in Southeast Asia and the compelling need to establish robust adaptation strategies. Heliyon, 10(4), e25609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25609
Haryani, E. B. S. (2022). Kerusakan Pesisir Akibat Sedimentasi dan Abrasi di Pantai Karawang. Grouper, 13(2), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.30736/grouper.v13i2.127
Hassanpour, N., Contestabile, P., Lara, J. L., & Vicinanza, D. (2024). Analisis Of Upgrading Low-Crested Structures As An Adaptation Measure To Climate Change For Coastal Protection: A Hybrid Approach. CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.770
Huynh, L. T. M., Su, J., Wang, Q., Stringer, L. C., Switzer, A. D., & Gasparatos, A. (2024). Meta-analysis indicates better climate adaptation and mitigation performance of hybrid engineering-natural coastal defence measures. Nature Communications, 15(1), 2870. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46970-w
James, R. K., Silva, R., Van Tussenbroek, B. I., Escudero-Castillo, M., Mariño-Tapia, I., Dijkstra, H. A., Van Westen, R. M., Pietrzak, J. D., Candy, A. S., Katsman, C. A., Van Der Boog, C. G., Riva, R. E. M., Slobbe, C., Klees, R., Stapel, J., Van Der Heide, T., Van Katwijk, M. M., Herman, P. M. J., & Bouma, T. J. (2019). Maintaining Tropical Beaches with Seagrass and Algae: A Promising Alternative to Engineering Solutions. BioScience, 69(2), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy154
Jayson-Quashigah, P.-N., Staneva, J., Chen, W., and Djath, B.: Mangroves and Coastal Resilience: A Model-Based Evaluation, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-17068. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-17068
Jordan, P. & Fröhle, P. (2022). Bridging the gap between coastal engineering and nature conservation?: A review of coastal ecosystems as nature-based solutions for coastal protection. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.15480/882.4238
Kalther, J. & Itaya, A. (2020). Coastline changes and their effects on land use and cover in Subang, Indonesia. Journal of Coastal Conservation. 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-020-00736-w
Kindeberg, T., Almström, B., Skoog, M., Olsson, P. A., & Hollander, J. (2022). Toward a multifunctional nature‐based coastal defense: A review of the interaction between beach nourishment and ecological restoration. Nordic Journal of Botany, 2023(1), e03751. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03751
Medina, J. R. (2024). Breakwaters in a Living Environment. CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.819
Meng, Y., Qu, Z., Li, X., Zhu, M., & Liang, B. (2024). An experimental study on the evolution of beach profiles under different beach nourishment methods. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1381937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1381937
Morris, R. L., Konlechner, T. M., Ghisalberti, M., & Swearer, S. E. (2018). From grey to green: Efficacy of eco‐engineering solutions for nature‐based coastal defence. Global Change Biology, 24(5), 1827–1842. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14063
Munandar, F. A., Triatmadja, R., & Yuwono, N. (2020). The performance of low crested breakwaters as a sand trap for shore protection. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 426(1), 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012005
Md Noor, N., Abdul Maulud, K.N., Mohd Azmi, A.T., & Harun, S.N. (2024). Eco-engineering in the Application of Nature-based Coastal Defense. Jurnal Kejuruteraan. https://doi.org/10.60692/0P1VA-T9P16
Pais-Barbosa, J., Ferreira, A. M., Lima, M., Filho, L. M., Roebeling, P., & Coelho, C. (2023). Cost-benefit analysis of artificial nourishments: Discussion of climate change adaptation pathways at Ovar (Aveiro, Portugal). Ocean & Coastal Management, 244, 106826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106826
Ramana Murthy, M. V., Ravichandran, V., Vendhan, M., Alluri, S. K. R., & Ram Kumar, J. (2023). Coastal Research—Beach Restoration and Protection. In V. K. Gahalaut & M. Rajeevan (Eds.), Social and Economic Impact of Earth Sciences (pp. 297–311). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6929-4_15
Risandi, J., Rifai, H., Lukman, K. M., Sondak, C. F. A., Hernawan, U. E., Quevedo, J. M. D., Hidayat, R., Ambo-Rappe, R., Lanuru, M., McKenzie, L., Kohsaka, R., & Nadaoka, K. (2023). Hydrodynamics across seagrass meadows and its impacts on Indonesian coastal ecosystems: A review. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, 1034827. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1034827
Roldán, M., Maza, M., Lara, J. L., & Losada, I. J. (2024). Analysis Of Hybrid Solutions For Coastal Protection Combining Physical And Numerical Cfd Modeling. CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.813
Saengsupavanich, C., Ariffin, E. H., Yun, L. S., & Pereira, D. A. (2022). Environmental impact of submerged and emerged breakwaters. Heliyon, 8(12), e12626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12626
Sagala, P. M., Bhomia, R. K., & Murdiyarso, D. (2024). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to support mangrove restoration in the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 70, 103383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103383
Santoso, E. H. (2025). Tinjauan Pustaka: Metode Analisis Perubahan Morfologi Pantai. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh Indonesia, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12962/jpji.v5i1.8217
Sayar, S. D., Nistor, I., Baker, S., & Martínez, J. G. (2024). Low-crested and Emergent Breakwaters with Eco-Friendly Armour Units. CoastLab 2024: Physical Modelling in Coastal Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.59490/coastlab.2024.775
Soeprobowati, T. R., Khotimperwati, L., Jumari, J., & Helmy, M. (2025). Integrating nature-based solutions in estuary management: A climate mitigation perspective from Demak, Central Java. Estuarine Management and Technologies, 2, 119–140. https://doi.org/10.3897/emt.2.172938
Solihuddin, T., Prihantono, J., Mustikasari, E., & Husrin, S. (2020). Dinamika Perubahan Garis Pantai di Perairan Teluk Banten Dan Sekitarnya. Jurnal Geologi Kelautan, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.32693/jgk.18.2.2020.596
Torres-Freyermuth, A., Medellín, G., Mendoza, E. T., Ojeda, E., & Salles, P. (2019). Morphodynamic Response to Low-Crested Detached Breakwaters on a Sea Breeze-Dominated Coast. Water, 11(4), 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040635
Twomey, A. J., Callaghan, D. P., O’Brien, K. R., & Saunders, M. I. (2022). Contextualising shoreline protection by seagrass using lessons from submerged breakwaters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 276, 108011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108011
Vasconcelos, Y., De Paula, D., Ferreira, Ó., & Leisner, M. (2024). Contrasting short-term shoreline behaviour after the construction of sinusoidal groynes in NE Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 136, 104832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.104832
Wannewitz, M. & Garschagen, M. (2021). Review article: Mapping the adaptation solution space – lessons from Jakarta. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(11), 3285–3322. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3285-2021
Xia, Y. (2025). Multifunctional integration of breakwaters: Taking ecological protection and restoration as an example. E3S Web of Conferences, 606, 05006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560605006
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Munandar Fikri Aris, Anita Yuliana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
