Adopting The Endangered Species Act (ESA)” To Protect The Vulnerable Kelik Fish (Encheloclarias Tapeinopterus, Bleeker 1853)
Abstract
Encheloclarias tapeinopterus is an endemic catfish found only from Bangka Island, Indonesia. This species is listed as a Vulnerable species based on the IUCN Red List, which means that the population of this species has decreased drastically over time, and it is possible that this species will become extinct in the near future if there are no efforts to save the species. Until now, there have been no reports regarding domestication and conservation efforts for this species. In addition, there has been no socialization and punishment given to people who catch this species. Society can freely catch E. tapeinopterus without any punishment or deterrent effect. Theoretically, Indonesia actually has a Conservation Law, namely Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biodiversity and Its Ecosystems which provides protection for biodiversity. However, this law talks more about the conservation system than providing legal protection for wild animals and their habitats. Based on this, the legal protection of wild animals in Indonesia needs to be improved. In this article, we describe legal certainty if Indonesia can adopt the American Wildlife Protection law "The Endangered Species Act (Esa)" in the framework of efforts to protect the endemic fish Encheloclarias Tapeinopterus which has a vulnerable status. In this paper we compare Law Number 5 of 1990 and The Endangered Species Act law.
Keywords:
Encheloclarias tapeinopterus, wildlife, threatened species, conservation
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References
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Asner G.P., Tupayachi R. 2017. Accelerated losses of protected forests from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Environ Research letters, 12(9): 094004.
Bariyyah SK, Saleh SM, Insani L, Seridati N, Valen FS. 2021. Jaguar Cichlid, Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867) (Perciformes, Cichlidae): An Introduced Exotic Fish in Grati Lake, East Java, Indonesia. Eco. Env. & Cons. 27: S272-S275
Bernhardt E.S., Palmer M.A. 2011. The environmental costs of mountaintop mining valley fill operations for aquatic ecosystems of the Central Appalachians. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1223(1):39–57.
Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. S 1531-42.
Ihwan I., Pratama FS, Yonarta D, Faqih AR, Widodo MS, Valen FS, Tamam MB, Hasan V. 2020. Presence of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Madura Island, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 13(2), 958-962.
Insani L, Hasan V, Valen FS, Pratama FS, Widodo MS, Faqih AR, Islamy RA, Mukti AT, Isroni W. 2020. Presence of the invasive nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in the Yamdena Island, Indonesia. Ecology Environment and Conservation, 26(3): 1115-1118
Insani L, Jatayu D, Valen FS, Widodo MS, Hasan V, 2023. Comparing genetic Mystacoleucus marginatus and Mystacoleucus padangensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) based on Cythochrome C Oxidase sub unit I (COI) gene. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9(4), 195–203.
Peyton Doub J. 2012. The Endangered Species Act: History, Implementation, Successes, and Controversies. CRC Press.
Jaganmohan M. 2022. Freshwater fish species on IUCN Red List 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1265060/freshwater-fish-species-iucn-list. Accessed on 07 January 2023.
Kevin S. 1977. The Endangered Species Act, Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 19:7, 6-15, DOI: 10.1080/00139157.1977.9928649.
Kusumah W., Hasan V. & Samitra D. (2023). Rediscovery of the Billiton Caecilian, Ichthyophis billitonensis Taylor, 1965, on Belitung Island, Indonesia, after more than five decades. Herpetol Notes, 16, 95-97.
Robin, Insani, L., Swarlanda, S., Prananda, M. & Valen, F. S. (2023c). Range extension of Spanner barbs, Barbodes lateristriga (Valenciennes, 1842) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) to Bangka Island, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9(3), 149–157.
Robin, R., Valen, F. S., Nomleni, A., Turnip, G., Luhulima, M. Y. & Insani, L. (2023b). Presence of non-native freshwater fish in Indonesia: A review - Risk and ecological impacts. AACL Bioflux, 16(1), 66-79.
Robin, R., Valen, F. S., Ramadhanu, D., Nomleni, A., Turnip, G., & Insani, L. (2023a). A new distributional record of flying barb, Esomus metallicus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae), from Kapalo Banda River, West Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 11(1), 59–68.
Sabine Brels (2017) A Global Approach to Animal Protection, Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 20:1, 105-123, DOI: 10.1080/13880292.2017.1309866,
Schwartz M. 2018. The Endangered Species Act. Reference Module in Earth System and Environmental Science. Encyclopedia of the Anthropcene, 3:(327-332)
Serdiati, N., Insani, L., Safir, M., Rukka, A. H., Mangitung, S. F., Valen, F. S., Tamam, M. B. & Hasan V. (2021). Range expansion of the Invasive Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Sulawesi Sea and first record for Sangihe Island, Tahuna, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecology Environment and Conservation, 27 (1), 168-171
Serdiati, N., Yonarta, D., Pratama, F. S., Faqih, A. R., Valen, F. S., Tamam, M. B., Hamzah, Y. I. G. & Hasan V. (2020). Andinoacara rivulatus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an introduced exotic fish in the upstream of Brantas River, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 13(1), 137-141.
Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan.
Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem.
Valen, F. S., Hasan, V., Ottoni, F. P., Nafisyah, A. L., Erwinda, M., Annisa, A. N. & Adis, M. A. (2022b). First country record of the bearded gudgeon Pogoneleotris heterolepis (Günther, 1869) (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(1), 012074.
Valen, F. S., Hasan, V., Ottoni, F. P., Nafisyah, A. L., Erwinda, M., & Annisa, A. N. (2022c). Description of Silver Barb Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1849) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Madura Island, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(1), 012066.
Valen, F. S., Sambah, A. B., Wicaksono, K. P., Widodo, M. S., Soemarno. Hasan, V. (2021). Genetic diversity of Yellow Finnedbarb Mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1842) (Teleostei, Cyprinidea) in Brantas basin Upstream, Indonesia. Eco. Env. & Cons, 27(2), 695-699.
Valen, F. S., Soemarno, S., Widodo, M. S., Wiadnya, D. G. R. & Hasan, V. (2020). Contemporary distribution records of yellow finned barb mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1842) in brantas basin, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 26, S40-S43.
Valen, F. S., Widodo, M. S., Islamy, R. A., Wicaksono, K. P., Soemarno, Insani, L. & Hasan, V. (2022a). Molecular phylogenetic of silver barb barbonymus gonionotus (bleeker, 1849) (cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(1), 012011.
