PERBANDINGAN PREVALENSI DAN INTENSITAS PARASIT PADA UDANG VANAME YANG DIPELIHARA SECARA TRADISIONAL DAN INTENSIF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/joaa.v10i1.6272Keywords:
Intensitas, Parasit, Prevalensi, Udang vanameAbstract
Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan budidaya yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat. Sistem pemeliharaan udang vaname dapat dilakukan secara tradisional dan intensif. Tantangan terbesar kegiatan budidaya udang saat ini adalah penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi pembudidaya. Serangan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit terutama jenis protozoa yang sering menyerang udang vaname adalah Zoothamnium sp., Vorticella sp. dan Epistylis sp. yang menyebabkan penyakit Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei atau EHP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jenis parasit, prevalensi, intensitas serangan parasit dan kualitas air pada udang vanname di tambak intensif dan tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara purposive random sampling. Sampel yang diambil pada saat berumur atau DOC 35 – 90 hari dengan berat rata-rata per ekor atau ABW 1 sampai 10.0gr/ekor. Pemeriksaan ektoparasit dilakukan pada kaki jalan, kaki renang, insang, dan lendir. Parameter yang diamati meliputi prevalensi dan intensitas penyakit, kualitas air seperti alkalinitas, total organic matter (TOM), Nitrit (NO₂) dan amoniak (NH₄). Hasil pengamatan parasit pada udang vaname yang dipelihara di tambak intensif dan tradisional terdapat tiga spesies teridentifikasi yang menginfeksi yaitu Epistylis sp., Vorticella sp., dan Zoothamnium sp. dengan prevalensi pada tambak intensif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan prevalensi pada tambak tradisional yakni sebesar 95,56% dan 56,6%, begitupula dengan hasil perhitungan intensitas menunjukkan persentasi intensitas pada tambak intensif lebih tinggi dibandingkan tambak tradisional dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 4,3 dan 2,46 ind/ekor. Kualitas air seperti alkalinitas, NO₂, NH₄, dan TOM pada tambak intensif memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tambak tradisional.
References
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Rahmantya K.F., Setiawan A., Wahyuni T., Asianto A.D., Malika R., Wulansari R.E., Annisa A.K., Zunianto A.K., Putra H.I.K., Luvianita A.K., Nurfaidzah A, Retno R.A., Listyowati T., Pebriani R., Pribadi D.M., Rakhman F.A., Fitriyani M.K., Indria P.D., Rahman N.M., Tambunan M.L.M. 2022. Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Angka Tahun 2022. Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta.
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Samocha, T. M., et al. (2017). Recent advances in shrimp aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 25(3), 238-250.
Subasinghe, R., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., & McGladdery, S. E. (2001). Aquaculture development, health, and wealth. Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, 167-191.
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Ummah, Y. L., Mahasri, G., Sulmartiwi, L. 2024. Intensity and ectoparasites in Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivated in Intensive Ponds. Journal of Aquaculture Science, 9(1), 1-7.
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Yanto, H. 2006. Diagnosa dan identifikasi penyakit udang asal tambak intensif dan panti benih di Kalimantan Barat.Jurnal Penelitian Sains danTeknologi, 1(1): 17-32.
Zafran, D.R., I. Koshrayani, F. Johnny, K. Yuasa. 2005. Manual for fish diseases diagnosis: marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture and Japan Internasional Cooperation Agency, Japan.
Anderson JL, Valderrama D, Jory DE. 2019. Global Shrimp Production Review. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 5 p.
Andriyanto F, Anthon E, Harsuko R. 2013. Analysis Of Production Factors Of Vannamei doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982014000700001.
Anshary H. 2008. Modul pembelajaran berbasis student center learning (SCL) mata kuliah parasitologi ikan. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Baticados L, Cruz-lacierda ER, Cruz DL, Duremdez-Fernandez RC. 1989. Disease of penaeid shrimps in the Philippines. Aquaculture department southeast Asian fisheries development center. p.18–20.
Behera BK, Das A, Paria P, Sahoo AK, Parida PK, Abdulla T, BK Das. 2019. Prevalence of Microsporidian Parasite, Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei in Cultured Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in West Bengal, East Coast of India. Aquaculture International. Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Bintang A, Muhar, N, Amri M, Eriza M. 2023. Prevalence and intensity of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ectoparasites in shrimp ponds in Nagari Tiku, Tanjung Mutiara District, Agam Regency. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 38(1).
Brock JA, Master BL. 1996. Alook at the principal bacterial, fungal and parasitic disease of farmed shrimp. Departement of Land and Natural Resource State of Hawaii. Hawaii.
De Schryver P, Crab R, Defoirdt T, Boon N, Verstraete W. 2012. The basics of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture, 356-357, 5-10
Dinisa, R. M., Munir, M., Maisaroh, D.S. 2022. Prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit pada benur udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di dalamkolam pembenihan skala rumah tangga di Kabupaten Jepara. Jurnal Techno Fish, 6(1).
Edwards P. 2015. Aquaculture Environment Interactions: Past, Present and Likely Future Trends. Aquaculture. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.001
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Sustainability in action. In FAO
Farras, A., G. Mahasri dan H. Suprapto. 2017. Prevalensi dan Derajat Infestasi Ektoparasit pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tambak Intensif dan Tradisional di Kabupaten Gresik. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan. Vol. 9 (2). ISNN : 2085-5842.
Firdaus I.A dan Ambarwati R. 2019. Tingkat Serangan Ektoparasit Ciliophora pada Udang Vannamei (Penaeus vannamei) di Lahan Pertambakan Polikultur Sidoarjo. LenteraBio Vol. 8 No. 2, Mei 2019: 127-135
Flegel, T. W. (2019). A future vision for disease control in shrimp aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 50(1), 6-17.
Hafidloh U dan Sari P.D.W. 2019. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 236 (2019) 012091
Halim, D., & Juanri, J. 2016. Indonesia’s Aquaculture Industry. Key Sectors for Future Growth. Ipsos Business Consulting, 11.
Hamdillah, A., Yunus, M., Harlina, H., ilmiah, I., Irawan, T. 2023. Prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from pond, bulukumba regency. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evalution, 4(1).
Jayakumar R, and Ramasamy P. 1999. Bacterial and Protozoan (Ciliate) Diseases of Prawn Penaeus indicus (Decapoda: Crustaceae). Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 28: 285-296.
Juliana, Koniyo, Y. 2022. Identification of type, intensity and prevalence of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ectoparasites in traditional pond culture. Journal of Fish Health, 2(1).
Juliana and Koniyo Y 2022. Identification of Type, Intensity and Prevalence of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ectoparasites in Traditional Pond Culture. Journal of Fish Health Vol. 2 (1) – June 2022 https://doi.org/10.29303/jfh.v2i1.3103.
Kabata, Z. 1985. Parasite and Diseases ofFish Cultured in the Tropics. Taylor and Francis. London. 263 p.
Kordi MGH. 2010. Budidaya udang laut. Lily Publisher Yogyakarta
Lavilla-Pitogo, C. R; G.D. Lio-Po; E.R. Cruz-Lacierda; E.V. Alapide-Tendencia; L.D. De La Pena. 2000. Disease of Peneid Shrimps in the Philippines. 2nded., Southeast Asian Fiheries Development Center, Philippines Lynn D H. 2007. The Ciliated Protozoa (Chaaracterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature), 3: 628.
Mahasri Mahasri G, Rahayu K, Kismiyati, Rozi dan H Gustrifandi. 2018. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Enviro 37: 111.
Mahasri G, T Hidayat and Sudarno 2019 IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 236 : 1-7Mahasri G, 2005. Kemampuan Ikan Bandeng sebagai Filter Biologis dalam Menekan Munculnya Ciliata Patogen pada Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) di Tambak. Ilmu Kelautan Vol. 10 (4):199-204.
Muttaqin I, Julyantoro PG, Sari AH. 2018. Identifikasi dan predileksi ektoparasit kepiting bakau (Scylla spp.) dari ekosistem mangrove taman hutan raya (TAHURA) Ngurah Rai Bali. Aquatic Science 1(1): 24-31.
Novita D, Ferasyi T.R., Muchlisin Z.A. 2016. Intensitas dan prevalensi ektoparasit pada udang pisang (Penaeus sp.) yang berasal dari tambak budidaya di Pantai Barat Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah 1(3): 268⎼279.
Pamenang G.D., Sulmartiwi L., Mahasri G., Rahayu N.D and B Angwarmas. 2020. Inventory of ectoparasites in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that cultivated with high density. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Sci. 441 012077. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/441/1/012077
Páez-Osuna, F. (2001). The environmental impact of shrimp aquaculture: causes, effects, and mitigating alternatives. Environmental Management, 28(1), 131-140.
Rahmantya K.F., Setiawan A., Wahyuni T., Asianto A.D., Malika R., Wulansari R.E., Annisa A.K., Zunianto A.K., Putra H.I.K., Luvianita A.K., Nurfaidzah A, Retno R.A., Listyowati T., Pebriani R., Pribadi D.M., Rakhman F.A., Fitriyani M.K., Indria P.D., Rahman N.M., Tambunan M.L.M. 2022. Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Angka Tahun 2022. Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta.
Rukyani A. 2000. Masalah penyakit udang dan harapan solusinya. Sarasehan Akuakultur Nasional, Bogor. 45 hlm
Samocha, T. M., et al. (2017). Recent advances in shrimp aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 25(3), 238-250.
Subasinghe, R., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., & McGladdery, S. E. (2001). Aquaculture development, health, and wealth. Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, 167-191.
Sudrajat, A. 2010.Budidaya udang di sawah dan tambak.Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Syah, R. 2017. “Budidaya Udang Vaname Dengan Padat Penebaran Tinggi,” [Online]. Available: http://ejournalbalitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma
Tabrett, S., Ramsay, I., Paterson, B., Burford, M., A. 2024. A review of the benefits and limitations of waste nutrient treatment in aquaculture pond facilities. Reviews in Aquaculture. 16: 1766-1786.
Ummah, Y. L., Mahasri, G., Sulmartiwi, L. 2024. Intensity and ectoparasites in Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivated in Intensive Ponds. Journal of Aquaculture Science, 9(1), 1-7.
Widanarni Noermala, J. I, dan Sukenda. 2014. Prebiotik, Prebiotik, Sinbiotik Untuk Mengendalikan Koinfeksi Vibrio harveyi dan IMNV pada Udang Vaname. 2014. Jurnal Akukultur Indonesia. 13(1).
Yanto, H. 2006. Diagnosa dan identifikasi penyakit udang asal tambak intensif dan panti benih di Kalimantan Barat.Jurnal Penelitian Sains danTeknologi, 1(1): 17-32.
Zafran, D.R., I. Koshrayani, F. Johnny, K. Yuasa. 2005. Manual for fish diseases diagnosis: marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture and Japan Internasional Cooperation Agency, Japan.
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