KOOPTASI Gambusia spp. TERHADAP Aplocheilus panchax DI HABITAT ASLINYA: MINI-REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/joaa.v10i1.6299Keywords:
Adaptasi, A. panchax, Gambusia spp., Invasi, PredasiAbstract
Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822), salah satu spesies ikan yang tersebar luas di berbagai perairan dan ditemukan sebagai spesies endemik di wilayah Oriental. Namun, keberadaan A. panchax di habitat aslinya berpotensi terancam oleh keberadaan spesies invasif, yaitu Gambusia spp. Mini-review ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi informasi terkait potensi invasi Gambusia spp. terhadap habitat dan sumber daya yang dimiliki A. panchax sehingga dapat menyebabkan kepunahan A. panchax sebagai endemic species, native species, atau indigenous species di lingkungan aslinya. Hasil mini-review menunjukkan kemampuan hidup dan adaptasi dari Gambusia spp. sebagai spesies invasif atau spesies alien menjadi kekuatan baginya untuk mengkooptasi sumber daya di suatu habitat perairan. Hal ini terlihat pada kemampuan Gambusia spp. dalam beradaptasi melalui sistem pencernaan, pernafasan dan osmoregulasi, serta reproduksi yang sama atau bahkan lebih baik dibandingkan A. panchax. Kemampuan ini dapat membahayakan eksistensi ikan lokal (indigenous species), asli (native spesies), atau endemik (endemic species) yang memiliki sifat seperti Gambusia spp., salah satunya adalah A. panchax. Spesies A. panchax yang selama ini keberadaannya belum mendapatkan perhatian yang dibuktikan dengan status konservasi Least Concern (LC), perlu mendapatkan perhatian lebih di habitat aslinya. Status konservasi tersebut seharusnya perlu direview ulang dikarenakan adanya potensi keterancaman dari ikan invasif seperti Gambusia spp. serta potensi kerusakan ekosistem dan habitatnya. Proses domestikasi perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas
A. panchax sehingga dapat meningkatkan populasi dan mendukung upaya konservasi.
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Jewel MAS, Haque MA, Khatun R, Rahman MS. 2018. A comparative study of fish assemblage and diversity indices in two different aquatic habitats in Bangladesh: Lakhandaha Wetland and Atari River. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 11(4): 427-434
Jourdan J, Riesch R, Cunze S. 2021. Off to new shores: Climate niche expansion in invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.). Ecology and Evolution 11(24): 18369-18400
Jyoti S, Dutta A. 2014. Ornamental fishes in Rowmari Floodplain Wetland, Darrang District, Assam. Science 2(1): 11-24
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