Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit (Mus Musculus) yang Diinduksi Hiperglikemia oleh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.)
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the diabetes mellitus characteristics. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has been used traditionally to reduce blood glucose level and clinically need to be proven. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (EDS) on blood glucose levels of hyperglycemia mice (Mus musculus). This was an experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. Thirty mice was used as animal models and was hyperglycemia induced by alloxan 150mg/kg b.w, respectively. Treatment EDS has been given for 14 days with the variation of doses; 200 mg/Kg b.w, 300 mg/Kg b.w, and 400 mg/Kg bw. Fasting blood glucose level was measured before and after EDS treatment by glucocheck. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan for further tests to evaluate the effect of EDS while the difference in blood glucose levels in pre-post treament was analyzed by paired t-test. The result showed that EDS significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). EDS with 400 mg/Kg bw dose showed the strongest effect in reducing glucose levels, followed by 300 mg/Kg b.w and 200 mg/Kg b.w doses. In conclusion, EDS has the potential to develop as an agent to reduce blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Keywords:
aloksan, diabetes melitus, ekstrak daun sirsak, hiperglikemia
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References
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Smith, A. & Harris, C. (2018). Type 1 Diabetes: Management Stategies. American Family Physician, 98(3), 154-162.
Tang, D., Chen, Q-B, Xin, X-L., & Aisa, H-A. (2017). Anti-diabetic effect of three new norditerpenoid alkaloids in vitro and potential mechanism via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother, 87 (2017), 145-152.
Verma, S., Gupta, M., Popli, H., & Aggarwal, G. (2018). Diabetes mellitus treatment using herbal drugs. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 10(1), 1-10.
World Health Organization. (2022). Diabetes. [internet]. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20people%20with,stroke%20and%20lower%20limb%20amputation. Diakses pada 22 April 2022.
Wu, D., Wen, W., Qi C-L., Zhao, R-X., Lu, J-H., Zhong, C-Y., & Chen, Y-Y. (2012). Ameliorative effect of berberine on renal damage in rats with diabetus induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Phytomedicine, 19(8-9), 712-718.
Yin, Z., Zhang, W., Feng, F., Zhang, Y., & Kang, W. (2014). α-Glukosidase inhibitor isolated from medicinal plants. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3, 136-174
Yulianti, R., Adilla, L., & Prabowo, I. (2019). Efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap kadar malondialdehi hepar tikus diabetik setelah diinduksi aloksan. Farmasains, 2019.
Zheng, Y., Ley, S.H., & Hu, F.B. (2018). Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complication. Natural Review Endocrinology, 14, 88-89.
American Diabetes Association (ADA). (2018). Standard of medical care in diabetes-2018. The journal of Clinical and Applied Research and Education, 41, S1.
Banday, M.Z., Sameer, A.S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 10, 174-188.
Cerf, M.E. (2013). Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinology (Lausanne), 4, 37
Cheisson, G., Jacqueminet, S., Cosson, E., Ichai, C., Laguerrier, A.M., Nicolescu-Catargi, B. et al., (2018). Prioperative management of adulth diabetic patients. Review of hyperglycaemia; defenitions and pathophysiology. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, 37(2018), S5-S8.
Chen, J., Mangelinckx, S., Adams, A., Wang, ZT., Li, WL., & De Kimpe, N. (2014). Natural flavonoids as potential herbal medication for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Natural Product Communications, 10(1), 187-200.
Choudhury, H., Pandey, M., Hua, C.K., Mun, C.S., Jing, J.K., Kong, L., et al., (2018). An update on natural compounds in the remedy of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(2018), 361-376.
Coria-Tellez, A.V., Montalvo-Gonzalez, E., Yahia, E.M., & Obledo-Vazquez, E.N. (2018). Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(2018), 662-691.
De, S., Banerjee, S., Kumar, S.K.A., & Paira, P. (2019). Critical role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: a therapeutic target for diabetes and cancer. Mini-Reviews in Medical Chemistry, 19, 88-97.
Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vecente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H. & Uribe, K.B. (2020). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 6275
Hardianto, D. 2020. Telaah koprehensif diabetes melitus: klasifikasi, gejala, diagnosis, pencegahan, dan pengobatan. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia, 7(2), 304-317
Hasmila, I., Natsir, H., & Soekamto, N.H. (2019). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of soursoup leaf extract (Annona muricata Linn). Journal of Physisc: Conference Series, 1341(3), 032027
Huang, L., Yang, X., Peng A., Wang, H., Lei, X., Zhen, L., & Huang, K. (2015). Inhibitory effect of leonurine on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Food & Function, 6(2), 548-589
Hurrle, S., & Hsu, W.H. (2017). The etiology of oxidative stress in insulin resistance. Biomedical Journal, 40(2017), 257-262.
Ighodaro, O.M., Adeosun, A.M., & Akinloye, O.A. (2017). Alloxan-induces diabetes, a common model for evaluating the glycemic-control potential of therapeutic compounds and plants extracts in experimental studies. Medicina, 53 (2017), 365-374
Jujeno, J.A., Zaman, K., Ali, M., & Rudrapal, M. (2020). New flavonoid with antidiabetic and antioxidant potential from Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb leaves. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 56, e18806.
Kasim, V.N.A., & Yusuf, Z.K. (2020). Tumbuhan Obat Berbasis Penyakit. Gorontao: CV Artha Samudra
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia II. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
King, A.J.F. (2012). The use of animal models in diabetes research. British Journal of Pharmacology, 166, 877-894.
Kottaisamy, C.P.D., Raj, D.S., Kumar, V.P., & Sankaran, U. (2021). Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications-a review. Laboratory Animal Research, 37, 23.
Marine-Penalver, J.J., Martin-Timon, I., Sevillano-Collantes, C., & del Canizo-Gomez, F.J. (2016). Upadate on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Diabetes, 7(17), 354-395.
Moini, J. (2019). Pathophysiology of diabetes in Epidemiology of Diabetes. New York :Elsevier Inc.
Mouri, M., Badireddy, M. (2021). Hyperglycemia. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing [internet]. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430900/?report=reader. Diakses pada 19 April 2022.
Muhammad, I., Rahman, N., Gul-E-Nayab, Nishan, U., & Shah, M. (2021). Antidiabetic activities of alkaloids isolated from medicinal plants. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacheutical Sciences, 57, e19130.
Nathan, D.M. (2015). Diabetes Anvances in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Review & Education, 314(10), 1052-1062.
Pang, GM., Li, FX., Yan, Y., Zhang, Y., Kong, KK., Zhu, P. et al. (2019). Herbal medicine in the treatment of patients with type 2 diebetes mellitus. Chinese Medical Journal, 132(1), 78-85.
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI). (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Inonesia 2021. Jakarta: PB PERKENI
Salazar-Grasia, M., & Corona, J.C. (2021). The use of natural compounds as a strategy to conteract oxidative stress in animal models of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, 7009
Sarian, M.N., Ahmed, Q.U., So’ad, S.Z.M., Alhassan, A.M., Murugesu, S., Perumal, V., Mohamad, S.N.A.S., & Khatib, A., Latip, J. (2017). Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of flavonoids: a structure-activity relationship based study. Biomed Research International, 2017, 8386065
Setyawati, T., Nurjannah, A., & Azam A. (2015). Manfaat ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata) sebagai antihiperglikemia pada tikus wistar diabetik yang diinduksi aloksan. Medika Tadulako, 2(1), 19-30
Shehadeh, M.B., Suaifan, G.A.R.Y., & Abu-Odeh, A.M. (2021). Plants secondary metabolites as blood glucose-lowering molecules. Molecules, 26, 4333.
Smith, A. & Harris, C. (2018). Type 1 Diabetes: Management Stategies. American Family Physician, 98(3), 154-162.
Tang, D., Chen, Q-B, Xin, X-L., & Aisa, H-A. (2017). Anti-diabetic effect of three new norditerpenoid alkaloids in vitro and potential mechanism via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother, 87 (2017), 145-152.
Verma, S., Gupta, M., Popli, H., & Aggarwal, G. (2018). Diabetes mellitus treatment using herbal drugs. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 10(1), 1-10.
World Health Organization. (2022). Diabetes. [internet]. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20people%20with,stroke%20and%20lower%20limb%20amputation. Diakses pada 22 April 2022.
Wu, D., Wen, W., Qi C-L., Zhao, R-X., Lu, J-H., Zhong, C-Y., & Chen, Y-Y. (2012). Ameliorative effect of berberine on renal damage in rats with diabetus induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Phytomedicine, 19(8-9), 712-718.
Yin, Z., Zhang, W., Feng, F., Zhang, Y., & Kang, W. (2014). α-Glukosidase inhibitor isolated from medicinal plants. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3, 136-174
Yulianti, R., Adilla, L., & Prabowo, I. (2019). Efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata) terhadap kadar malondialdehi hepar tikus diabetik setelah diinduksi aloksan. Farmasains, 2019.
Zheng, Y., Ley, S.H., & Hu, F.B. (2018). Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complication. Natural Review Endocrinology, 14, 88-89.
Published
2022-06-30
How to Cite
Sindi, C., Fitriyasti, B., Mahatma, G., & Salmi, S. (2022). Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit (Mus Musculus) yang Diinduksi Hiperglikemia oleh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.). EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi Dan Mikrobiologi, 7(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v7i1.3140
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