Kandungan Logam Berat Cu (Tembaga) Dan Pb (Timbal) Pada Air Dan Sedimen Di Kawasan Industri Teluk Lampung, Provinsi Lampung

Abstract

Logam berat dalam suatu perairan dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup untuk berbagai proses metabolisme tetapi jika berlebihan akan menjadi racun. Logam berat Cu (tembaga) merupakan logam esensial sedangkan logam berat Pb (timbal) merupakan logam non esensial. Aktivitas-aktivitas di Teluk Lampung yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas perairan adalah Pelabuhan Panjang, industri serta banyaknya pemukiman penduduk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan Cu dan Pb pada air dan sedimen serta menganalisis enrichment factor tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) pada sedimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April – Mei 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan analisis logam berat menggunakan SSA AA- 7000. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi logam berat Cu (ttd-0,008 mg/l) dalam air masih memenuhi standar baku mutu (< 0,008 mg/l) dan logam berat Pb (ttd-0,23 mg/l) secara umum telah melewati standar baku mutu (<0,008 mg/l). Berdasarkan kriteria baku mutu US-EPA, konsentrasi logam berat Cu dan Pb dalam sedimen masih memenuhi standar (Cu 49,98 mg/kg dan Pb 47,82 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kriteria baku mutu SEPA, secara umum untuk konsentrasi logam berat Cu (1,02 – 38,75 mg/kg) telah melewati baku mutu (15 mg/kg) dan untuk logam berat Pb (15,41- 32,66 mg/kg) masih memenuhi standar baku mutu (25 mg/kg). Nilai enrichment factor Pb dan Cu pada perairan kawasan industri Teluk Lampung  sumber berasal dari proses alam (kategori pengayaan minimal – cukup).

Kata kunci :  baku mutu, enrichment factor, pengkayaan

Concentration Of Heavy Metal Cu (Copper) And Pb (Lead) In Water And Sediments In The Industrial Area Of Lampung Bay, Lampung Province

Heavy metals in the waters needed by the organism in every metabolic processes, but if excessive it could be toxic. Cu is an essential metal while Pb is non-essential metal. Panjang Port, industries, and urbanization are some activities in Lampung Bay that potentially degraded the quality of the waters. The purpose of this research were to analyze the concentration of Cu and Pb in the waters and sediments and to determine the enrichment factors of Cu and Pb in the sediments.This research was conducted at April-May 2016. The method of this research was purposive sampling and heavy metals analyzed by using AAS AA-7000. The results showed that concentration of Cu (no detected-0,008 mg/l) in the waters was below the quality standard (< 0,008 mg/l) while Pb (no detected-0,23 mg/l) in the waters generally exceed the quality standard (<0,008 mg/l). Based on US-EPA quality standard, the concentration of Cu and Pb in sediments were below the quality standard (Cu 49,98 mg/kg and Pb 47,82 mg/kg) while based in a quality standard using SEPA, the concentration of Cu (1,02 – 38,75 mg/kg) in sediments generally were exceed (15 mg/kg) and Pb (15,41- 32,66 mg/kg) in sediments generally still below the quality standard (25 mg/kg). Based on the value of enrichment factor for Cu and Pb at industrial area in Lampung Bay, the source of heavy metals were enriched by natural process (category of minimal to significant of enrichment).

Keywords : quality standard, enrichment factor, enrichment